石化工业园员工PAHs的皮肤暴露及健康风险  

A study on employees’skin exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and health risk in a petrochemical industrial park

作　　者：郭建 罗孝俊[1] 管克兰 吕银知 曾艳红 麦碧娴[1] GUO Jian;LUO Xiao-jun;GUAN Ke-lan;LV Yin-zhi;ZENG Yan-hong;MAI Bi-xian(State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,有机地球化学国家重点实验室与广东省资源环境利用与保护重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2022年第11期5427-5435,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41877386,41931290);广东省科技项目(2020B1212060053,2019B121205006)。

摘　　要：本文选取典型石化城市茂名市某石化工业园30名员工(男女各15名)进行裸露(额头、手掌)和遮蔽皮肤部位(前臂、小腿)的擦拭采样,通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定了擦拭样品中15种多环芳烃的浓度(Σ_(15)PAHs)并计算了经皮肤暴露和手-口接触的人体暴露剂量.结果表明,皮肤样品中Σ_(15)PAHs的浓度范围为21~1.9×10^(4)ng/m^(2),不同部位间PAHs浓度存在显著性差异(P<0.01),表现为额头>手掌>前臂>小腿.PAHs以3~4环PAHs组成为主.男女性别间PAHs组成无显著差异,Σ_(15)PAHs女性高于男性,但无统计差异性.经皮肤吸收的PAHs日暴露剂量(DADderm)女性[41ng/(kg⋅d)]显著高于男性[28ng/(kg⋅d)].手-口接触暴露剂量[0.34ng/(kg⋅d)]相比于皮肤暴露剂量[34ng/(kg⋅d)]可忽略不计.皮肤暴露剂量主要来自裸露部位皮肤的贡献(88%).风险评价结果表明,PAHs的皮肤暴露和手-口接触暴露不存在明显的非致癌风险;但约7%员工的皮肤致癌风险高于可接受的水平(10^(-4)),表明存在一定的PAH致癌风险.In the study,skin wipe samples were collected from four typical skin parts(forehead,palm,forearm and shank)of 30 volunteers(15 men and 15 women),who work in a Petrochemical Industrial Park in Maoming City(a typical petrochemical city).The concentrations of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(Σ_(15)PAHs)in wiping samples were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and the human exposure doses through skin exposure and hand-mouth contact were calculated.The concentration ofΣ_(15)PAHs in skin samples ranged from 21 to 1.9×10^(4)ng/m^(2).The PAH concentrations exhibited significant differences among different skin parts(P<0.01)with the order of forehead>palm>forearm>shank.PAHs are mainly composed of 3~4rings.Although no statistical difference was observed inΣ_(15)PAHs between female and male,the daily dermal absorption doses of PAH(DADderm)was significantly higher in female[41ng/(kg⋅d)]than male[28ng/(kg⋅d)].The hand-mouth exposure dose[0.34ng/(kg⋅d)]was negligible to compare with the dermal absorption dose[34ng/(kg⋅d)].The bared skins contribute to 88%of dermal absorption dose.There was no obvious non-carcinogenic risk but risks of skin cancer were higher than the acceptable level(1×10^(-4))for 7%staff,indicating potential skin cancer risk.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 石化员工 皮肤暴露 健康风险 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]