化感作用对川党参种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响  

Effects of Allelopathy on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.

作　　者：周武先 熊琳珂 张雅娟 蒋小刚 何银生[1] 张美德[1] Zhou Wuxian;Xiong Linke;Zhang Yajuan;Jiang Xiaogang;He Yinsheng;Zhang Meide(Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Enshi 445000,China;Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Enshi 445000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所,湖北恩施445000 [2]恩施土家族苗族自治州农业农村局,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第11期76-85,共10页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2020BCA059);湖北省农业科技创新中心重大科技研发项目(2020-620-000-002-04);湖北省自然科学基金指导性项目(2022CFC040);湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所技术创新重大项目(2019ZYCZD01)。

摘　　要：为探明川党参的化感自毒效应,并从生理角度解析其自毒作用成因,本研究以川党参根茎及其根际土壤为试材,分别制备不同浓度的根茎研磨液(0、0.01、0.02、0.05 g/mL和0.10 g/mL)和根际土壤浸提液(0、0.1、0.2、0.5 g/mL和1.0 g/mL),研究不同浓度根茎研磨液、根际土壤浸提液对川党参种子萌发和幼苗抗氧化酶活性及营养元素含量的影响。结果表明,根茎研磨液和根际土壤浸提液对种子萌发影响不大(P>0.05)。0.01、0.02、0.05 g/mL的根茎研磨液和0.1、0.2、0.5 g/mL的土壤浸提液对川党参幼苗生长具有一定的促进作用,主要表现为促进幼苗根系伸长和叶片光合色素积累,同时提高其对N、P、K、Ca和Mg元素的吸收;0.1 g/mL的根茎研磨液和1.0 g/mL的土壤浸提液则会影响川党参幼苗叶片光合色素积累,使其抗氧化系统遭受胁迫,致使幼苗叶片中的丙二醛含量显著增加,叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量减少,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著下降,同时降低幼苗叶片中N、P、K和Mg元素含量,严重抑制川党参幼苗生长。根据各项生长指标与矿质营养元素的冗余分析,发现磷和钾是影响川党参幼苗生长的关键营养元素。综上表明,≤0.05 g/mL的根茎研磨液和≤0.5 g/mL的土壤浸提液对川党参幼苗生长有轻微的促进作用,而根茎研磨液和根际土壤浸提液浓度分别达到0.1 g/mL和1.0 g/mL,则会对川党参幼苗生长产生显著抑制作用。降低光合色素合成、抗氧化酶活性以及矿质营养元素吸收是化感自毒作用形成的重要因素。In order to explore the allelopathic autotoxicity of Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.and analyze its cause from physiological view,the rhizome and rhizosphere soil of C.tangshen were used to prepare different concentrations of rhizome extract(0,0.01,0.02,0.05 and 0.10 g/mL)and soil extract(0,0.1,0.2,0.5 and 1.0 g/mL)respectively,and their effects on seed germination,and antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient element contents in seedlings.The results showed that rhizome extract and soil extracts had no significant effect on C.tangshen seed germination(P>0.05).The rhizome extracts at 0.01,0.02 and 0.05 g/mL and the soil extract at 0.1,0.2 and 0.5 g/mL promoted the growth of C.tangshen seedlings to some degree,mainly by increasing the root length and leaf photosynthetic pigment accumulation of seedlings,and increasing the absorption of N,P,K,Ca and Mg.However,0.1 g/mL rhizome extract and 1.0 g/mL soil extract decreased the leaf photosynthetic pigment accumulation of C.tangshen seedlings and made its antioxidant system subjected to stress,which resulted in significant increase in malondialdehyde content,decrease in chlorophyll and soluble protein contents,significant decrease in leaf superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase activities,and decrease in N,P,K and Mg contents in the leaves,so the growth of C.tangshen seedlings were severely inhibited.According to the redundancy analysis of growth indicators and mineral nutrients,it was found that P and K were the key nutrients affecting the growth of C.tangshen seedlings.To sum up,the rhizome extract at≤0.05 g/mL and soil extract at≤0.5 g/mL slightly promoted the growth of C.tangshen seedlings,whereas,when the concentration of rhizome extract and soil extract reached 0.1 g/mL and 1.0 g/mL respectively,the growth of C.tangshen seedlings was significantly inhibited.Reducing the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments,the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the absorption of mineral nutrients might be the important factors in the formation of C.tangshen allelopathic autotox

关 键 词：川党参 种子萌发 化感自毒 光合色素 抗氧化酶活性 矿质营养元素 

分 类 号：S567.53[农业科学—中草药栽培]