有机物料还田对设施胡萝卜土壤碳组分及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Organic Materials Returning to Field on Soil Carbon Components and Enzyme Activities of Greenhouse Carrot

作　　者：郭梦瑶 唐文慧 陈翔[1] 迟瑞苹 纪国才 崔德杰[1] 陈延玲[1] Guo Mengyao;Tang Wenhui;Chen Xiang;Chi Ruiping;Ji Guocai;Cui Dejie;Chen Yanling(College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Laixi Vegetable Technology Promotion Station,Laixi 266600,China;Qingdao Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]莱西市蔬菜技术推广站,山东莱西266600 [3]青岛市农业技术推广中心,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第11期93-102,共10页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“环渤海盐碱地耕地质量与产能提升技术模式及应用”(2021YFD1900900);依托“科技小院”培养资源利用与植物保护领域专业硕士的模式改革与实践(SDYJG21184);区域农业绿色发展产教融合研究生联合培养示范基地(015-1121001);山东省重点研发计划项目“菜田和果园土壤修复成套技术研究与示范”(2021CXGC010801)。

摘　　要：长期以来,农民习惯一年两茬种植胡萝卜,导致土壤连作障碍严重、土壤养分偏低且不平衡等问题突出。本研究在农民习惯施肥(FNP)的基础上优化施肥(OPT),并利用压缩花生壳(PS)及蘑菇菌渣(M)有机物料进行等养分量替代化肥处理,以明确有机物料还田对设施胡萝卜土壤的改良效果。结果表明:与农民习惯施肥相比,压缩花生壳与蘑菇菌渣还田处理均可以提高0~60 cm土层的土壤有机碳组分及酶活性,耕层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳、水溶性有机碳含量及可提取腐殖物质、胡敏酸、富里酸、胡敏素有机碳含量分别提高28.90%和37.88%、17.47%和22.54%、41.61%和45.18%、31.14%和37.53%、51.79%和53.69%、18.95%和22.89%;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性分别显著提高55.10%和58.89%、46.89%和51.00%、37.98%和41.58%、16.95%和25.71%。土壤有机碳、全氮与土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性均呈显著正相关。综上所述,从土壤碳组分和酶活性角度,压缩花生壳和蘑菇菌渣还田等养分量替代化肥对设施胡萝卜土壤改良效果良好,可以在生产实践中推广应用。For a long time,farmers have been used to planting carrots twice a year,which has resulted in serious continuous cropping obstacles,low and unbalanced soil nutrients and other problems.In this study,on the basis of farmer’s custom fertilization(FNP),optimized fertilization(OPT)combined with replacing some chemical fertilizer with organic materials such as compressed peanut shell(PS)and mushroom residue(M)at equal nutrient component was conducted to clarify the effect of returning organic materials to field on the improvement of carrot soil in greenhouse.The results showed that compared with FNP,after returning PS and M to field,the organic carbon components and enzyme activities in 0~60-cm soil layers were increased;the contents of soil organic carbon,water-soluble organic carbon,extractable humic acid,humic acid,fulvic acid and humin in 0~20-cm plough layer were significantly increased by 28.90%and 37.88%,17.47%and 22.54%,41.61%and 45.18%,31.14%and 37.53%,51.79%and 53.69%,18.95%and 22.89%,respectively;the soil urease,sucrase,neutral phosphatase and protease activities were significantly increased by 55.10%and 58.89%,46.89%and 51.00%,37.98%and 41.58%,16.95%and 25.71%,respectively.Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were both significantly positively correlated with the activities of soil urease,sucrase,neutral phosphatase and protease.In conclusion,from the perspective of soil carbon components and enzyme activities,the optimized fertilization measure combined with returning PS and M to the field had better effects on soil improvement of protected carrots,which could be popularized in production practice.

关 键 词：有机物料还田 设施胡萝卜 土壤碳组分 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S631.206[农业科学—蔬菜学]