中动结构的特征解读及句法分析  

Feature Interpretation and Syntactic Analysis of Middle Construction

作　　者：郭霞 GUO Xia(Department of Linguistics,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学语言学系,北京100083

出　　处：《中州大学学报》2022年第5期67-73,共7页Journal of Zhongzhou University

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目"基于汉语特征的多元语法理论探索(多卷本)(20&ZD297);2021年度国家社会科学基金项目"汉英名词与动词互转的生成语法研究"(21BYY047)。

摘　　要：从中动句中NP的语义类型、隐含施事的实现方式以及修饰语的强制共现三个层面考察了英汉中动结构的特征,结果发现典型中动结构的句首名词短语充当,受事非典型中动结构的句首名词短语可以是工具、处所或材料等旁格角色;英语中动结构中施事必须隐含,隐含施事的语音实现需要借助介词或从句等句法手段,而汉语中被当作中动结构的句子在能否补出隐含施事上存在差异性;英汉中动句修饰语的强制共现是为了满足完句的需要。在“NP+V起来+AP”结构中,AP的语义指向有三类,除了指向句首NP和V,还可以指向显性或隐含的施事论元,能够出现或者补出施事论元的“V起来”结构不属于中动结构,不符合中动结构的句法语义特征。This paper examines the characteristics of English and Chinese middle constructions from three aspects:the semantic type of NP,the realization of implied agent and the forced co-occurrence of modifiers.The results show that the semantic role of the subject in typical middle constructions is patient,but the semantic role of the subject in atypical middle constructions can be tool,place or material.The agent must be implicit in the middle construction of English,and the phonetic realization of the implicit agent needs other syntactic means,such as prepositions or clauses.However,there are differences in whether Chinese middle construction can complement the implicit agent.The mandatory co-occurrence of modifiers in English and Chinese middle constructions is to meet the needs of sentence completion.In the Construction of“V Qilai AP”,there are three kinds of semantic orientation of AP.In addition to pointing to the beginning of the sentence NP and V,it can also point to the agent argument.The Construction of“V Qilai AP”that can appear or supplement the agent argument does not belong to middle constructions.The structure does not conform to the syntactic and semantic characteristics of middle constructions.

关 键 词：中动结构 非典型中动句 V起来 隐含施事 

分 类 号：H314.3[语言文字—英语]