《本草图经》中涉及今山东省的草木类药图考  

Materia medica illustrations related to the regional names in Shandong province in Ben Cao Tu Jing

作　　者：方清影 郑晓雯 尹旻臻 储姗姗 彭华胜 Fang Qingying;Zheng XiaoWen;Yin Minzhen;Chu Shanshan;Peng Huasheng(School of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012,China;Research Unit of DAO-DI Herb,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,2019RU57,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽中医药大学药学院,合肥230012 [2]中国医学科学院道地药材研究创新单元(2019RU57),北京100700

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2022年第5期282-291,共10页Chinese Journal of Medical History

基　　金：国家中医药管理局中医药创新团队及人才支持计划项目(ZYYCXTD-D-202005);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2019-I2M-5-065);安徽高校自然科学研究重点项目(KJ2019A0461);安徽中医药大学校级科研项目(2018zrzd03)。

摘　　要：《本草图经》有48幅药图名称涉今山东省区域,其中草木类药图共42幅,分属7个州军。对《本草图经》涉及到今山东省区域草木类药图进行考证,可推测到种的药图26幅,可推测到属的药图3幅,尚有11幅药图待考。《本草图经》涉及今山东省区域的州军冠名药图中,以兖州、齐州、淄州药图篇幅最多,反映了北宋时期该地区的中药资源利用水平。“单州菟丝子”图刻画了菟丝子属植物吸器,“兖州茯苓”图如实描绘了野生茯苓生境,这说明《本草图经》绘图者开展了细致严谨的实地调查,体现了《本草图经奏敕》“欲望下应系产药去处,令识别人,仔细详认根、茎、苗、叶、花、实,形色大小,并虫、鱼、鸟、兽、玉石等,堪入药用者,逐件画图”的要求。“鬼臼”“人参”“山茱萸”“淫羊藿”“漏芦”等部分药图出现文图不一致,这说明北宋时期存在射干混鬼臼、由跋混半夏、漏芦品种混乱等现象,也反映了苏颂“举凡进呈药物,所记形类,与文献不符者,则并存之”的编写思想。Ben Cao Tu Jing had 48 materia medica illustrations related to the regional names in Shandong province.It was found that 42 of them were plant medicinal materials,distributed in seven areas in Shandong province.This study examined these illustration of plant medicinal materials and found that 26 species of these illustration of plant medicinal materials were identified with three genera and 11 illustrations were unverified.Most materia medica illustrations relating to the regional names in Shandong province were found mainly in Yanzhou,Qizhou and Zizhou.This indicated that materia medica were widely used in these areas in the Northern Song Dynasty.The haustorium of Cuscuta Chinensis were depicted in the"Shanzhou Tu Si Zi"and the habitat of wild poriacocos was described.This showed that the illustrators of Ben Cao Tu Jing might have conducted fieldwork and reflected on the main principles about how to identify materia medica in Ben Cao Tu Jing Zou Chi.Inconsistencies were found between the illustrations and the expressions of plant medicinal materials in some illustrations,such as Gui Jiu,Ginsen and Shan Zhu Yu.This suggested that in the Northern Song Dynasty Stemmacantha Uniflora,Belamcanda chinensis might have been mixed up with Dysosma and Pinellia Pedatisecta might have been mixed up with Pinellia Ternata.This was in line with the compiling theories of Su Song that they could be recorded together when the illustrations and literature were inconsistent with each other.

关 键 词：《本草图经》 山东省 药图 本草考证 

分 类 号：R2-5[医药卫生—中医学]