半导体材料中空位的引入、表征及其对光催化的影响  

Introduction and characterization of vacancies insemiconductor materials and their influence on photocatalysis

作　　者：李炀 舒小华[2] 马伟师 周进文 白雪 张倩[1] LI Yang;SHU Xiaohua;MA Weishi;ZHOU Jinwen;BAI Xue;ZHANG Qian(School of Life and Environment Science,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,Guilin 541004,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541000,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林电子科技大学生命与环境科学学院,广西桂林541004 [2]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《功能材料》2022年第11期11015-11022,共8页Journal of Functional Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967042,41807392)。

摘　　要：光催化被认为是解决全球性能源危机和环境污染问题的有效方法之一,然而光催化剂较低的能量转换效率抑制了光催化的应用。其中,空位作为最常见的晶体缺陷,能够在不引入外来元素的条件下调节光催化剂的电子结构和表面性质,促进光催化剂的光吸收、电荷分离和迁移以及表面反应。因此,概述并总结了半导体光催化剂中空位缺陷的研究进展。首先讨论了在光催化剂中引入空位缺陷的一些主要手段,包括化学还原、高温处理等常见方法和水解、超声等不常见但有效的方法。其次主要从微观表征和光谱表征两方面介绍了目前识别和量化空位的表征技术,这些技术有助于深入理解空位结构与光催化剂性质之间的关系。随后从光吸收、电荷分离和迁移及表面反应三个方面着重介绍了空位在光催化过程中的关键作用。最后,提出了光催化材料空位缺陷的前景和挑战,空位浓度的可控性、复合改性的联合作用和空位的稳定性是亟需解决的问题。这篇综述总结了光催化剂空位改性的有效策略,能为空位缺陷增强光催化的研究提供一定的理论参考。Photocatalysis is considered to be one of the effective methods to solve the global energy crisis and environmental pollution problems.However,the low energy conversion efficiency of photocatalyst inhibits the application of photocatalysis.Vacancy is the most common crystal defect,because it can regulate the electronic structure and surface properties of photocatalyst without introducing external elements,and promote the light absorption,charge separation and migration of photocatalyst and surface reaction.Therefore,this review summarizes the latest progress of vacancy defects in photocatalysis.Firstly,some primary methods for introducing vacancy defects in photocatalyst are discussed,including common methods such as chemical reduction and high temperature treatment,and uncommon but effective methods such as hydrolysis and ultrasound.Secondly,the current characterization techniques for identifying and quantifying vacancies are mainly introduced from the aspects of microscopic characterization and spectral characterization.These techniques are helpful to understand the relationship between vacancy structure and photocatalytic properties.Subsequently,the key role of vacancy in photocatalytic process is introduced from three aspects,including absorption of light,separation and migration of charge and surface reaction.Finally,the prospects and challenges of vacancy defects in photocatalytic materials are proposed.The controllability of vacancy concentration,the synergism of composite modification and the stability of vacancy are urgent problems to be solved.This review summarizes the effective strategies of vacancy modification for photocatalysis,which can provide some theoretical reference for the relevant research.

关 键 词：半导体 光催化 空位缺陷 空位引入 空位表征 

分 类 号：O771[理学—晶体学] O643.32