生活饮用水中N-亚硝胺类化合物污染状况与健康风险评估  

Pollution status and health risk assessment of Nitrosamines in drinking water

作　　者：林华影[1] 林侃[1] 陈敏红[1] 林捷[1] 张伟[1] 张秋[1] 刘建华[1] 林瑶[1] LIN Huaying;LIN Kan;CHEN Minhong;LIN Jie;ZHANG Wei;ZHANG Qiu;LIU Jianhua;LIN Yao(Fuzhou Centerfor Disease Prevention and Control,Fuzhou 350004,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省福州市疾病预防控制中心,福建福州350004

出　　处：《河南预防医学杂志》2022年第10期748-752,共5页Henan Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：福州市科技计划项目(2019-SZ-65)。

摘　　要：目的 调查分析福州地区生活饮用水中N-亚硝胺类化合物(N-NAs)的污染状况及变化特征,并对其进行健康风险评估。方法 于2019-2021年采集市政供水的出厂水、管网末梢水、二次供水和水源水水样462份,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法测定N-亚硝基-二乙醇胺(NDELA)、N-亚硝基-N-乙基苯胺(NEA)、N-亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)、N-亚硝基甲乙胺(NMEA)、N-亚硝基二乙基胺(NDEA)、N-亚硝基二异丙胺(NDi PA)、N-亚硝基-N-甲基苯胺(NMPh A)、N-二正丙基亚硝胺(NDPA)、N-亚硝基吡咯烷(NPYR)、N-亚硝基哌啶(NPIP)、N-亚硝基吗啉(NMorph)、N-亚硝基二异丁胺(NDi BA)、N-对亚硝基二异丁胺(NDBA)、N-亚硝基二苯胺(NDPh A)、N-亚硝基二苄胺(NDBz A)等的含量,分析该地区生活饮用水中N-NAs的污染状况和特征,运用美国环境保护署(EPA)推荐的模型进行健康风险评估。结果 福州地区生活饮用水中各类N-NAs的污染水平均值从大到小依次为:NDMA(22.73 ng/L)、NDPh A(4.07 ng/L)、NPYR(3.59ng/L)、NMEA(3.40 ng/L)、NDPA(2.76 ng/L)、NDELA(2.26 ng/L)、NDEA(1.80 ng/L);致癌风险(×10^(-6))从大到小依次为:NDMA(44.65)、NDEA(10.51)、NMEA(2.71)、NDPA(0.84)、NPYR(0.29)、NDELA(0.28)、NDPh A(0.000 8)。不同消毒方式生成的N-NAs均值总量从大到小依次为:氯胺消毒(49.97 ng/L)、液氯消毒(42.42 ng/L)、二氧化氯消毒(33.33 ng/L)、次氯酸钠消毒(28.07 ng/L);丰水期N-NAs污染水平均值总量(46.89 ng/L)高于枯水期(39.86 ng/L),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 福州地区生活饮用水中存在一定程度的N-NAs污染,其致癌风险值均在EPA可接受的风险范围内,丰水期N-NAs的污染水平及致癌风险均高于枯水期,次氯酸钠消毒所导致的N-NAs对人体的健康风险最低。Objective To investigate and analyze the pollution status and changing characteristics of Nitrosamines in drinking water in the region of Fuzhou,and carry out the health risk assessment.Methods From 2019 to 2021,462 water samples were collected at the outlets of city’s water plants,user points,secondary water supply and source of water,and the contents of NDELA,NEA,NDMA,NMEA,NDEA,NDiPA,NMPhA,NDPA,NPYR,NPIP,NMorph,NDiBA,NDBA,NDPhA and NDBzA were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.The pollution status and characteristics of Nitrosamines in drinking water in the region were analyzed,and the health risk assessment was carried out using the health risk assessment model recommended by EPA.Results The results showed that the average contents of Nitrosamines in drinking water in Fuzhou from largest to smallest were 22.73 ng/L for NDMA,4.07 ng/L for NDPhA,3.59 ng/L for NPYR,3.40 ng/L for NMEA,2.76 ng/L for NDPA,2.26 ng/L for NDELA,and 1.80 ng/L for NDEA;the rank order of average carcinogenic risk(×10^(-6)) from largest to smallest were NDMA(44.65),NDEA(10.51),NMEA(2.71),NDPA(0.84),NPYR(0.29),NDELA(0.28),and NDPhA(0.000 8).the rank order of average contents of total Nitrosamines produced by different disinfection methods from largest to smallest were chloramine disinfection(49.97 ng/L),liquid chlorine(42.42 ng/L),dioxidochlorine(33.33 ng/L),sodium hypochlorite disinfection(28.07 ng/L).The average content of total Nitrosamines in wet season was 46.89 ng/L,which was higher than that in dry season(39.86 ng/L),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusion The drinking water in Fuzhou is polluted by Nitrosamines to some degree.Its carcinogenic risk values are all within the acceptable risk range of EPA;the pollution level and carcinogenic risk of Nitrosamines in the wet season were higher than those in the dry season.The Nitrosamines caused by sodium hypochlorite disinfection has the lowest risk to human health.

关 键 词：生活饮用水 N-亚硝胺类化合物 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学] O657.63[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]