共生微生物对植食性昆虫生态适应的作用  

The role of symbiotic microorganisms in the ecological adaptation of herbivorous insects

作　　者：高红[1] 黄健锋 胡仪[1] GAO Hong;HUANG Jian-Feng;HU Yi(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering&Institute of Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生态学研究所生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《生命科学》2022年第9期1145-1154,共10页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32070401);北京师范大学仲英青年学者人才培养计划。

摘　　要：植食性昆虫是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,是昆虫中进化成功且多样性较高的类群。昆虫在向植物食性转变时需要面对营养不均衡、植物聚合物难以降解、植物产生的有毒次生代谢物等困难。越来越多证据表明,植食性昆虫往往通过与共生微生物建立紧密的共生关系,来分解复杂植物大分子、弥补食物中缺乏的营养元素、降解有毒的次生代谢物。处于昆虫宿主不同位置(环境、肠道、细胞内)的共生微生物在昆虫对植物的利用方面发挥的作用也不尽相同。本文系统地总结了不同类型共生微生物对植食性昆虫生态适应方面的作用,探讨目前存在的问题,并对未来利用基因组学、代谢组学等分子方法开展进一步研究作出展望。Herbivorous insects are an important part of terrestrial animals.They are the most evolutionarily successful and extraordinarily diverse groups among insects.When insects change to herbivory,they need to face difficulties such as nutritional imbalance,difficult degradation of plant polymers,and toxic secondary metabolites produced by plants.Growing evidence suggests that herbivorous insects establish symbiotic relationship with microbes to degrade complex plant macromolecules,provide the lacking nutrients and overcome toxic metabolites in their plant diets.Symbiotic microorganisms in different locations of the insect(environment,gut,intracellular)play different roles in the utilization of plant diets.This article summarizes the roles of different types of symbiotic microorganisms in the ecological adaptation of herbivorous insects,discusses the current issues in this research field,and makes a prospect for further research using molecular methods such as genomics and metabolomics in the future.

关 键 词：植食性昆虫 共生微生物 生物学功能 

分 类 号：Q938.1[生物学—微生物学] Q968.1