从语气副词到限定副词的演变——以“祇”“适”“唯”为例  

The Evolution of the Restrictive Adverb from the Modal Adverb

作　　者：王莹 WANG Ying

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2022年第4期66-82,128,共18页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“基于上古汉语语义知识库的历史语法与词汇研究”(18JJD740002)。

摘　　要：表示强调、确认的语气是限定义的重要语义来源。“祇”“适”“唯”是语气副词演变为限定副词的典型例证,演变路径以及动因机制大致相同。总体看来,“祇”“适”都是由“正恰”义演变为限定义,且多限定谓词性成分;“唯”由强调语气演变为限定义,多限定体词性成分。唐以后,限定副词“适”“唯”消失,“只字替换“祇”,进一步发展出限定用法,成为近现代汉语中最常用的限定副词。Modal adverbs are one of the most important semantic origins of the restrictive adverbs.In ancient Chinese,zhi(祇)、shi(适)、wei(唯)were regarded as a representative restrictive adverbs stemmed from modal adverbs.They had the same path and mechanism of the semantic change.In general,zhi and shi stemmed from“just”,and restricted the post-VP in sentences;while wei changed to a restrictive adverb from the emphatic particle,and was used to restrict the post-NP in sentences.After Tang Dynasty,shi and wei were not used as restrictive adverbs,and zhi became the most typical restrictive adverb in Contemporary Chinese.

关 键 词：语气副词 限定副词 语义演变 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]