覆土材料对灵芝产量与品质的影响  

Effect of Casing Soils on the Yield and Quality of Ganoderma lingzhi

作　　者：王爱仙 刘福阳 鲍兴禄 王紫璎 刘新锐[3] 王怡暄 赵俊敏 巫仁高 黄志龙 吴小平[3] WANG Aixian;LIU Fuyang;BAO Xinglu;WANG Ziying;LIU Xinrui;WANG Yixuan;ZHAO Junmin;WU Rengao;HUANG Zhilong;WU Xiaoping(Nanping Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nanping,Fujian 354200;Wutun Township Station of Technology Popularization for Agriculture,Wuyishan,Fujian 354300;College of Life Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002;Fujian General Station of Technology Popularization for Edible Fungus,Fuzhou 350000)

机构地区：[1]福建省南平市农业科学研究所,福建南平354200 [2]福建省武夷山市吴屯乡农业技术推广站,福建武夷山354300 [3]福建农林大学生命科学学院,福州350002 [4]福建省食用菌技术推广总站,福州350000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第28期48-51,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：福建省现代农业(食用菌)产业技术体系建设项目“南平综合试验推广站”(2060302社会公益研究)。

摘　　要：通过研究覆土材料对灵芝产量与品质的影响,为灵芝栽培技术和药用研究的发展提供理论依据。选择陶瓷土、蛭石、菜园土、沙壤土、泥炭土作为覆土材料,以未覆土栽培灵芝为对照,以子实体产量、多糖含量、三萜含量、水提物抗氧化活性以及铅、镉、砷、汞4种重金属含量为指标进行综合分析,筛选最佳覆土材料。覆土栽培显著提高灵芝产量,不同覆土材料栽培灵芝产量差异不显著,用蛭石作覆土材料的产量最高(136.67 g/袋),比对照提高了32.32%。泥炭土作覆土材料的灵芝多糖含量最高(6.72 mg/g),是未覆土栽培灵芝的1.54倍。覆土材料为沙壤土时三萜含量最高(6.67 mg/g),是对照的1.25倍。抗氧化活性结果显示,沙壤土、陶瓷土、蛭石栽培子实体的水提物对DPPH自由基清除率最高。不同覆土材料栽培灵芝重金属含量有差异,但均低于国家标准,达到安全水平。综上,沙壤土、蛭石、泥炭土可作为灵芝栽培的覆土材料。The effects of casing soils on the yield and quality of Ganoderma lingzhi were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the development of cultivation techniques and medicinal research of G.lingzhi.Ceramic soil,vermiculite,garden soil,sandy loam and peat soil were selected as casing soils,and without casing soil was used as control.The fruiting body yield,polysaccharide content,triterpenoid content,antioxidant activity of water extract and four heavy metal contents(lead,cadmium,arsenic and mercury)were determined as indicators for comprehensive analysis to screen the best casing soil.The yield of G.lingzhi was significantly increased by casing soil cultivation,but there was no significant difference among different casing soils.When vermiculite was used,the highest yield was achieved as 136.67 g/bag,which was 32.32%higher than that of the control.The highest polysaccharide content of G.lingzhi cultivated in peat soil was 6.72 mg/g,which was 1.54 times as much as that of cultivated without casing soil.When sandy loam soil was used as casing soil material,the content of triterpenoids was the highest(6.67 mg/g),which was 1.25 times that of the control.The results of antioxidant activity showed that sandy loam,ceramic soil and vermiculite cultivated G.lingzhi had the highest scavenging rate of DPPH free radical.The contents of heavy metals in G.lingzhi cultivated with different casing soil materials were different,but they were all lower than the national standard and reached the safe level.Among these casing soils,sandy loam,vermiculite and peat soil could be selected for G.lingzhi cultivation.

关 键 词：灵芝 覆土 品质 重金属 产量 

分 类 号：S567.31[农业科学—中草药栽培]