西辽河盐碱地不同植被类型土壤碱化特征差异分析  

Analysis of Soil Alkalization Characteristics of Different Vegetation Types in Saline-alkali Soil of Xiliao River Province

作　　者：侯迷红[1] 范富[1,2] 张庆国 邰继承[1,2] 苏雅乐其其格[1] 闫瑾 Hou Mihong;Fan Fu;Zhang Qingguo;Tai Jicheng;Su Yaleqiqige;Yan Jin(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao 028000;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Feed Crop Engineering Technology Research Center)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,通辽028000 [2]内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2022年第5期39-46,共8页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31760372);内蒙古自治区科技创新引导项目(KCBJ2018027);内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程技术研究中心开放课题(MDK2017002);内蒙古民族大学合作项目(Q1800102)。

摘　　要：为研究西辽河平原盐碱地在不同植被类型对土壤碱化特征分布的影响,通过野外调查取样和室内分析相结合的方法,选择了7个采样点,2种农田(玉米地、水稻田),4种草地(米蒿、马莲、虎尾草、羊草)和盐碱荒地,对0~5、5~15、15~30、30~50 cm不同深度土壤剖面pH值、水溶性盐总量、交换性钠、阳离子交换量(CEC)、碱化度(ESP)等碱化指标的变化规律进行了系统研究。结果表明,不同植被类型土壤剖面的碱化特征均有明显差异。从0~30 cm耕层来看,西辽河盐碱荒地、虎尾草、马莲和水稻田为碱性土壤,米蒿、玉米地和羊草为中性土壤。盐碱荒地与马莲地在3~5 g·kg^(-1)之间,为中度盐化,虎尾草地、米蒿地、玉米地和羊草地均在3 g·kg^(-1)以下,为轻度盐化。盐碱荒地、虎尾草、马莲和水稻田的ESP值均大于40%,为极度钠质土,米蒿、玉米地和羊草为重度钠质土。与盐碱荒地相比,不同植被类型土壤的盐化程度和碱化程度均有所下降,农田玉米地盐碱化指标下降最为显著(P<0.01),表明苏打盐碱地经农田玉米地利用后更有利于土壤脱盐化过程和脱碱化过程。对不同植被类型土壤的pH值、水溶性盐总量、交换性钠含量、CEC、ESP进行聚类分析,将植被类型分为3类,米蒿和玉米为一类,羊草和马莲为一类,虎尾草、盐碱荒地和水稻为一类。米蒿盐碱地可开发种植玉米,羊草地可开发种植马莲,虎尾草地和盐碱荒地可开发种植水稻,给农民带来较大的经济价值。研究结果可为盐碱地的改良和利用模式提供技术参考。In order to study the influence of different vegetation types on the distribution of soil alkalization characteristics of saline-alkali land in the West Liaohe Plain,seven sampling points were selected on two kinds of farmland in corn field and rice field,salt waste land and four grasslands where Artemisia dalai-lamae Krasch,Iris ensata,Chloris virgata and Leymus chinensis grow,and samples were divided into four layers:0-5,5-15,15-30 and 30-50 cm in West Liaohe Plain.The pH value,total water-soluble salt,exchangeable sodium,cation exchange capacity and alkalization degree were tested and analyzed.The results showed that the alkalization characteristics of soil profiles of different vegetation types were significantly different.Judging from the 0-30 cm plough layer,the salt waste land,Chloris virgata,Iris ensata and rice fields are alkaline soils,while Artemisia dalai-amae Krasch,corn fields and Leymus chinensis are neutral soils.The salt waste land and Iris ensata land are between 3-5 g·kg^(-1),which is moderately salinized,and the salt waste land,Artemisia dalai-lamae Krasch,corn field and Leymus chinensis are all below 3 g·kg^(-1),which is mild salinization.The ESP values of salt waste land,Chloris virgata,Iris ensata and rice fields were all greater than 40%,which were extremely sodiumy soils,while Artemisia dalai-amae Krasch,corn fields and Leymus chinensis were severely sodiumy soils.Compared with the salt waste land,the salinization and alkalinization degrees of soils of different vegetation types decreased,and the salinization index of the corn fields decreased most significantly(P<0.01),indicating that the soda salt waste land was more effective after being utilized by the corn fields.It is beneficial to the process of soil desalination and dealkalization.The soil pH value,total water-soluble salt,exchangeable sodium content,CEC,and ESP of different vegetation types were clustered and analyzed,and the vegetation types were divided into three categories:Artemisia dalai-amae Krasch and corn fields as one

关 键 词：碱化指标 农田 草地 盐碱荒地 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]