微生物菌剂对玉米秸秆和餐厨垃圾混合好氧堆肥的影响  

Effects of Microbial Agents on Corn Straw and Kitchen Waste Mixed Aerobic Compost

作　　者：巩光禄 赵铎 郭鹏博 张方政 张洪奇 申贵男 晏磊[1,2] 邱财生 邱化蛟[3] 王伟东 Gong Guanglu;Zhao Duo;Guo Pengbo;Zhang Fangzheng;Zhang Hongqi;Shen Guinan;Yan Lei;Qiu Caisheng;Qiu Huajiao;Wang Weidong(Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region/College of Life Science and Technology,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing163319;Engineering Research Center of Processing and Utilization of Grain By-products,Ministry of Education;Institute of Bast Fiber Crops,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Jiangsu Evolutionary Tree Biotechnology Co,LTD)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省寒区环境微生物与农业废弃物资源化利用重点实验室/黑龙江八一农垦大学生命科学技术学院,大庆163319 [2]粮食副产物加工与利用教育部工程研究中心 [3]中国农业科学院麻类研究所 [4]江苏进化树生物科技有限公司

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2022年第5期92-98,共7页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：黑龙江农垦总局科技攻关项目(HKKY190404);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28030203-2);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0800906-03);黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(ZD2018005);黑龙江省高校科技创新团队项目(2012TD006);黑龙江八一农垦大学科技创新团队项目(TDJH201809);黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新项目(YJSCX2019-Y62,YJSCX2019-Y70)。

摘　　要：秸秆与餐厨垃圾混合堆肥发酵可以充分发挥两种原料各自的优点,是有效的资源化利用途径。为探究微生物强化对玉米秸秆和餐厨垃圾混合堆肥的影响,把玉米秸秆和餐厨垃圾按质量比1∶1混合后进行好氧堆肥处理。试验组按照体积比接种5%微生物菌剂,对照组添加等体积灭菌后的培养基,通过测定温度、pH、有机质含量、总氮、总磷、总钾、C/N和种子发芽指数等指标评价堆肥腐熟效果。结果表明,试验组第1天升至高温期,高温期持续16 d,最高温度为68.1℃,而对照组于第2天进入高温期,高温期维持11 d,最高温度为61.3℃;试验组及对照组堆肥结束时有机质含量比原料分别降低20.51%和15.34%;堆肥结束时试验组总氮、总磷和总钾含量与初始原料相比分别提升36.67%、52.08%和50.75%,显著高于对照组提升的30.83%、39.58%和37.31%;堆肥末期试验组和对照组的种子发芽指数分别为90.77%和80.93%,两组处理均已完全腐熟达到无害化要求,但试验组比对照组提前6 d完成腐熟。接种微生物菌剂可以加快玉米秸秆和餐厨垃圾混合发酵的堆肥进程。The mixed composting fermentation of straw and kitchen waste could give full play to the respective characteristics of the two raw materials,which was an effective way of resource utilization.In order to explore the effect of microbial fortification on the mixed composting of corn stalks and food waste,the corn stalks and food waste were mixed according to a mass ratio of 1∶1 and then subjected to aerobic composting.The test group was inoculated with 5%microbial inoculum according to the volume ratio,and the control group was added with an equal volume of sterilized medium,and the temperature,pH,organic matter content,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,C/N,and seed germination index were measured by measuring temperature,pH,organic matter content,etc.The index evaluates the maturity effect of compost.The results showed that the experimental group rose to a high temperature period on the 1st day,the high temperature period lasted 16 days,and the highest temperature was 68.1℃,while the control group entered the high temperature period on the 2nd day.The high temperature period was maintained for 11 days and the highest temperature was 61.3℃,indicating that the microorganism intensification speeded up the temperature rise,and significantly increased the maximum temperature,while extending the high temperature period.The organic matter content of the test group at the end of the composting period was reduced by 20.51%compared with the raw material period,while the organic matter content of the control group was only reduced by 15.34%,and the organic matter content of the test group was significantly reduced.At the end of the composting test compared with the initial raw materials,the total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium content of the group increased by 36.67%,52.08%and 50.75%respectively,which were significantly higher than the increase of 30.83%,39.58%and 37.31%in the control group.The seed germination index of the experimental group increased at the end of composting it was as hig

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 餐厨垃圾 好氧堆肥 微生物菌剂 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]