黑土区秸秆还田的改土培肥及增产效应研究进展  

Research Progress on Soil Improvement,Fertility and Yield Increase Effect of Straw Returning in Black Soil Region

作　　者：郝小雨 HAO Xiao-yu(Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization/Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院/农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2022年第12期83-88,共6页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100404-1);省级黑土地保护利用(2022-22-2);黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX1310)。

摘　　要：黑土区秸秆科学还田,对于改善土壤理化性状、持续提升耕地基础地力和黑土地可持续利用具有重要意义。通过文献分析,明确了当前黑土区秸秆直接还田模式、方法,分析了不同秸秆还田方式对土壤物理性质、土壤肥力状况和农作物产量的影响。分析表明,秸秆含有丰富的碳、矿质元素及纤维组织,还田后可增加土壤有机质和矿质养分含量、改善土壤团聚体结构、降低土壤容重、提高土壤孔隙度,促进微生物活动,对于提升黑土区作物产量有积极效果,但应避免秸秆还田过程中产生的负效应。因此可以因时、因地合理选择秸秆还田技术模式,不断提高秸秆还田利用水平。Scientific straw return in black soil area is of great significance for improving soil physical and chemical properties,continuously enhancing arable land basic fertility and sustainable utilization of black soil.Through literature analysis,the current mode of direct straw returning to the field in black soil area was clarified,and the effects of different straw returning methods on soil physical properties and soil fertility,crop yield in black soil were analyzed.The analysis showed that straw was rich in carbon,mineral elements and fiber tissue.After returning to the field,it could increase the content of soil organic matter and mineral nutrients,improve the structure of soil aggregates,reduc e soil bulk density,increase soil porosity,and promote microbial activity.It had a positive effect on increasing crop yield in black soil area,but it should avoid the negative effects in the process of straw returning to the field.The straw returning technology model should be reasonably selected according to time and place,and the utilization level of straw returning should be continuously improved.

关 键 词：黑土 秸秆还田 土壤物理性质 土壤肥力 作物产量 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]