环线对地铁网络弹性的影响研究  

Influence of circle lines on the resilience of subway networks

作　　者：潘守政 何佳 王英平[2] 贺正冰 PAN Shou-zheng;HE Jia;WANG Ying-ping;HE Zheng-bing(Beijing Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Planning and Research Institute of Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100028,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学,交通工程北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]交通运输部规划研究院,北京100028

出　　处：《交通运输工程与信息学报》2022年第4期100-110,共11页Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71871010,72001007)。

摘　　要：环形线网是地铁网络中特殊又重要的线网结构。本文从系统弹性的角度出发,基于图论和改进的级联失效模型深入分析环线结构在网络失效和恢复过程中的影响作用。在网络中断阶段,采用改进的耦合映像格子模型,分别模拟站点和线路水平下的级联失效场景,并采用失效节点比率和运营效率作为评价指标分析网络弹性变化;在恢复阶段,采用不同的站点和线路恢复顺序研究网络弹性指数变化。最后结合北京市地铁网络进行实证分析,结果表明:介数较高的节点失效产生的级联失效最早达到顶峰,度值较高的节点失效则最快使网络瘫痪,尤其是环线中的换乘站点失效对网络弹性的影响最大;而相比非环线站点,当提高环线上站点的鲁棒性时,网络弹性的提升更明显,级联失效高峰得到很大延缓。有针对地保护这些环线站点将为地铁系统受干扰后的性能恢复提供宝贵的救援时间;此外,越靠近中心的环线会比外围环线更加重要,如北京地铁2号线和10号线;同时,较早地恢复环线上的站点也会大大提高整个网络的弹性性能。研究结果不但对提高具有环线结构的地铁系统的抗风险能力具有借鉴意义,也为地铁网络的规划和布局提供了重要的理论依据。Circle lines are critical line structures in subway networks.In this study,the influence of the loop structure on network failure and recovery was studied from the perspective of system resilience using the graph theory and cascading failure model.In the network interruption stage,an improved coupled map lattice model was used to simulate cascade failure scenarios at the station and line levels.The failure node ratio and operational efficiency were used to analyze the network resilience variations.In the circle-line recovery stage,various stations and line recovery sequences were used to investigate the exponential changes in the network resilience.Simulations of the Beijing subway network revealed that the cascade failure of the network caused by nodes with high betweenness peaked the earliest,whereas the nodes with a high degree caused the network to break down the fastest.In particular,the failure of transfer stations in the circle line exhibited the greatest effect on the network resilience.Compared with nonloop stations,when the robustness of the loop stations improved,the network resilience also improved considerably,and the cascade failure peak was delayed significantly.Targeted protection of these loop stations can provide considerable rescue time for maintaining and recovering subway systems.In addition,circle lines closer to the center are more critical than peripheral lines,such as those in Beijing subway lines 2(the inner ring)and 10(the outer ring).Early restoration of stations on the loop can significantly improve the resilience of the entire network.The results of this study provide a reference for the operational safety of current metro systems with loop structures and a critical theoretical basis for metro network planning.

关 键 词：城市交通 韧性 级联失效 地铁网络 耦合映像格子 复杂网络 

分 类 号：U291.69[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]