新变与重构:现代中国“文学话”界说与辨析  

New Changes and Reconstruction: Definition and Discrimination of Modern Chinese “Literary Discourse”

作　　者：杨瑞峰 YANG Rui-feng(School of Chinese Language&Literature,Lanzhou University,Gansu 730000,China;Department of Chinese Literature,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学文学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]复旦大学中文系,上海200433

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期17-26,共10页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“话体文学批评的现代转型研究”(22YJC751041);国家社会科学基金艺术学重大项目“中国传统艺术史知识体系研究”(21ZD08);国家社会科学基金重大项目“民国古典文学研究史大系编纂与研究”(20&ZD281)。

摘　　要：“文学话”是晚清民国时期诞生的一种全新的话体文学批评,其文体形态全面承传古典话体文学批评而来,但其内容又超越了诗话、词话等针对单一文类展开批评实践的视野局限,带有鲜明的综论特征。在话体文学批评中,“文话”与“文学话”关系最为密切,但两者的区别也异常鲜明:“文话”专司古典意义上的“文章”批评,而“文学话”则以现代新生的,囊括诗、词、散文、戏曲、小说等文类的“文学”为批评对象,批评界域更为宏阔。同为现代新生的批评文体,与“新文体”相比,“文学话”主要是一种文学批评文体,不具备前者浓郁的政论属性;与新兴的“理论文体”相比,“文学话”又具有鲜明的文学性意味,其文体独立性由此显现;同时,“文学话”也带有强烈的过渡性色彩,它凭借自身优势充当了中国传统述学文体向西方理论批评文体转型之际的一种过渡性文体形态。The “literary discourse” is a new type of literary criticism in the style of a speech born in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. Its stylistic form is inherited from the classical literary criticism in the style of a speech,but its content goes beyond the limitation of the practice of criticism on a single type of literature,such as the poetic discourse and the Ci discourse,with distinct characteristics of a comprehensive discussion.“The discourse on essays”and“the discourse on literature”,though most closely related,are of distinct differences from each other,as the former is focused on the criticism of essays in the classical sense,while the latter centers around“literature”in a broad sense,involving poetry,Ci poetry,prose,opera,novels and so on,thus demonstrating a more extensive field of criticism. Compared with the “new style”,the “literary discourse” is mainly a kind of literary criticism style,which does not have the strong political attribute of the former. And compared with the emerging “theoretical style”,the“literary discourse”has a distinct literary meaning,and its stylistic independence is thus revealed. At the same time,the “literary discourse” also has a strong color of transition,which is mainly reflected in its function,by virtue of its own advantages,as a transitional style from the traditional Chinese narrative literary style to the western style of theoretical criticism.

关 键 词：文学批评 文学话 文话 新文体 理论文体 

分 类 号：I209[文学—中国文学]