印度宗教危机的司法治理:以阿约迪亚案为视角  

Judicial Governance of Religious Crisis in India:A Perspective from the Ayodhya Case

作　　者：杨翠柏[1] 张雪娇[1] YANG Cui-bai;ZHANG Xue-jiao(Law School of Sichuan University,Sichuan,Chengdu 610207,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《时代法学》2022年第6期106-114,共9页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(项目号:17XFX014)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：2019年印度最高法院对印度教徒和穆斯林在阿约迪亚地区的争端作出了最终判决,为历时一百多年的“庙寺之争”划上了“句点”。印度最高法院的判决于形式上遵守并宣扬了《印度宪法》的世俗主义精神、多元文化价值、宗教平等原则和结果公正理念,贯彻了刚性规则柔性适用、证据判案结果纠差的审判思维。该判决进一步突出了司法在印度宗教危机治理中的重要作用,有助于缓解冲突、定分止争、平息暴乱、维护法治、加强印度民族团结和维护国家主权。但由于判决结果过于偏重印度教徒利益,仍遭到了广泛批评与质疑。与此同时,阿约迪亚案也暴露出印度司法体系在宗教危机治理中的局限性,政治顶层渗透、宗教文化制约、利益调处失衡、司法效率低下、司法治理滞后等难题仍是印度宗教危机司法治理的短板,这也决定了印度法院应对当下涉《公民身份法(修正案)》宗教危机的实质作用较为有限。The prominent role of India s judicial system in religious crises has been further highlighted by the Supreme Court of Indiaruling on the Ayodhya dispute between Hindus and Muslims.The judgment of the Supreme Court of India formally observes and promotes the spirit of secularism,multi-cultural values,principles of religious equality and the concept of justice stipulated by the Constitution of India,and reflects the flexible application of rigid rules.The involvement of Indian courts in the Ayodhya dispute has helped to ease the conflicts,settle the disputes,quell the violence and strengthen unity and integrity of India.But the judgment is still being challenged by Indian Muslims because it favors Hindu interests.The Ayodhya case,meanwhile,also highlights the limitations of the Indian judicial system in the governance of religious crisis.Problems such as top political infiltration,restrictions from religious culture,imbalance of interests,Judicial inefficiency,lagging and delayed interference are still the shortcomings of the judicial governance,which also determines that the substantive role of the judiciary in the governance of religious crisis involvingthe Citizenship(Amendment)Act,2019 may be very limited.Above all,the Indian judicial system will still play an important role in governance of the religious crisis in India and even play a leading role in the protection of the interests of religious minorities.

关 键 词：印度 阿约迪亚 宗教冲突 司法治理 

分 类 号：DF973[政治法律—国际法学]