湖南出土秦汉六朝瓦当的类型与年代  

Types and Ages of the Eaves Tiles of the Qin, Han and Six Dynasties Unearthed in Hunan

作　　者：李斌 Li Bin

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,北京100872

出　　处：《文博学刊》2022年第3期34-42,共9页Journal of Archaeology and Museology

摘　　要：瓦当是中国古代建筑中常见的建筑构件,也是建筑类遗址断代的重要标尺。新中国成立以来,尤其是近30年来,湖南地区陆续出土了一批秦汉六朝瓦当,为研究这一地区瓦当的类型和年代奠定了基础。从考古发现来看,东周时期,由于受楚国的统辖和楚文化的直接影响,湖南出土的瓦当几乎全为素面圆瓦当。随着秦汉帝国的建立,中原风格的云纹瓦当开始传入湖南,但秦代至西汉早期,湖南瓦当的地域性特点仍很明显。西汉中晚期以后,汉文化对湖南地区的影响加深,云纹瓦当最为流行。东汉晚期,常德地区出现了兽面纹瓦当。至六朝时期,云纹瓦当继续流行,人面纹瓦当开始出现。Eaves tile is a common architectural component in ancient Chinese architecture,and it is also an important yardstick for dating architectural sites.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,especially in the past three decades,a large number of eaves tiles of the Qin,Han and Six dynasties have been unearthed in Hunan,which has laid a data foundation for studying the types and ages of the eaves tiles in this area.According to archaeological findings,during the Eastern Zhou dynasty,almost all the eaves tiles unearthed were plain and round tiles due to the jurisdiction of Chu or the direct influence of Chu culture.From the Qin dynasty to the early Western Han dynasty,with the establishment of the Qin and Han Empire,the cloud pattern eaves tiles of the Central Plains style began to be introduced into Hunan,but the regional characteristics of Hunan tiles were still obvious during this period.After the middle and late Western Han dynasty,the influence of Han culture on Hunan deepened,and the cloud pattern eaves tiles were the most popular.In the late Eastern Han dynasty,eaves tiles with animal face patterns appeared in Changde.Until the Six dynasties,the cloud pattern eaves tiles continued to be popular,and human face eaves tiles began to appear.

关 键 词：湖南 瓦当 秦汉 六朝 

分 类 号：K871.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]