木薯定向育种授粉技术优化  

Optimization of Directional Breeding and Pollination Techniques of Cassava

作　　者：雷开文 俞奔驰[1] 陈炯宇 马崇熙[1] 卢赛清[1] 韦丽君[1] LEI Kaiwen;YU Benchi;CHEN Jiongyu;MA Chongxi;LU Saiqing;WEI Lijun(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《农业研究与应用》2022年第4期33-38,共6页Agricultural Research and Application

基　　金：广西科技重大专项项目(桂科AA16380002);国家木薯产业技术体系(CARS-11GXLSQ)。

摘　　要：木薯是广西的特色和优势产业,为探讨影响木薯杂交授粉的主要因素并进行优化。观测了木薯在自然环境下的虫媒授粉情况,并在人工催花的基础上开展木薯杂交授粉试验,就授粉时间、方式及品种对授粉成功率的影响进行探讨。结果表明,虫媒授粉基本在花开0.5 h内完成有效授粉;人工授粉在花开后0.5 h内完成授粉效果最佳,花开前后1h是较适宜进行人工授粉的时段,其他时段效果较差;用美工笔作为辅助工具模拟虫媒授粉,可以增加花粉和柱头接触的机会和时间,授粉成功率增加,结实率高达66.00%,比传统人工授粉方式的结实率(11.33%)高54.67%;目标性状亲本作为母本或父本,获得成熟杂交种子的概率会有很大差别,作为母本的孕性影响更关键。将木薯开花调控技术和模拟虫媒人工授粉方式结合,是开展木薯杂交育种的有力工具。Cassava is a characteristic and advantageous industry in Guangxi.This paper aims to explore and optimize main factors affecting cassava cross pollination.Insect pollination of cassava in natural environment was observed,and cross pollination experiment of cassava was carried out on the basis of artificial flower induction.Effects of pollination time,method and variety on the success rate of pollination were discussed.The results showed that:insect pollination basically completed effective pollination within 0.5 h of flowering;the best effect of artificial pollination is achieved within 0.5 h after flowering,and 1 h before and after flowering is the appropriate time for artificial pollination,while the effect of other time periods is poor;using pen as an auxiliary tool to simulate insect pollination can increase the opportunity and time for pollen to contact stigma,thus increasing success rate of pollination,and the seed setting rate is as high as 66.00%,which is 54.67%higher than that of traditional artificial pollination(11.33%);target trait parent being taken as female parent or male parent makes probability of obtaining mature hybrid seeds vary greatly,and pregnancy of female parent has greater influence.Combination of cassava flowering control technology and artificial pollination by simulated insect vectors is effective for cassava cross breeding.

关 键 词：木薯 杂交育种 授粉法 开花调控 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]