基于MIKE21的跨河桥梁壅水数值模拟分析  

Numerical simulation of backwater of river-crossing bridges based on MIKE21

作　　者：孙治平 赵志宏 刘子金 王鑫 连海东 王燕 任子豪 SUN Zhiping;ZHAO Zhihong;LIU Zijin;WANG Xin;LIAN Haidong;WANG Yan;REN Zihao(Zhongwei Water Bureau,Zhongwei 755100,China;School of Water Conservancy,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Key Laboratory of Key Technology for Allocation and Regulation of Rural Water Resources and Hydropower,Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]中卫市水务局,宁夏中卫755100 [2]华北水利水电大学水利学院,河南郑州450046 [3]浙江省农村水利水电资源配置与调控关键技术重点实验室,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2022年第6期129-136,共8页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51579102);河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划项目(19IRTSTHN030);中原科技创新领军人才支持计划项目(204200510048);浙江省重点研发计划项目(2021C03019)。

摘　　要：为明晰黄河上游河道桥梁壅水特性并探究数值模拟法在防洪演算中的可靠性,以宁夏回族自治区境内黄河青铜峡至石嘴山段(以下简称“青石段”)内连续7座桥梁为研究对象,运用MIKE21水动力模块构建二维水动力模型,对不同洪水频率下桥梁壅水特性进行数值模拟与对比分析。结果表明:在对二维水动力模型率定与验证的过程中,模拟值与实测值相对误差均小于5%,边界约束条件与河道糙率均经率定分析后取值;随着洪峰流量的减小,河道流速降低,桥墩壅水值在0.10~0.28 m水位范围内波动,对比模型模拟结果与经验公式计算结果,Henderson公式计算值与二维模型模拟值更为接近且变化趋势较一致,而陆浩公式计算结果相对偏大。本研究可为跨河建筑物壅水特性影响分析与河道防洪演算提供经验参考和理论依据。To clarify the backwater characteristics of bridges in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and to investigate the reliability of the numerical simulation methods in flood control calculations,seven consecutive bridges in the Qingtongxia-Shizuishan section of the Yellow River(hereinafter referred to as the“Qing-Shi section”)in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were selected as the research objects to construct a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model using the MIKE21 hydrodynamic module.Then the model was applied to the numerical simulation and comparative analysis of backwater characteristics of bridges under different flood frequencies.The results show that in the calibration and verification process,the relative errors between the simulated and measured values were less than 5%,the boundary constraints and channel roughness should be determined after the calibration.The velocity of the river channel decreased with the decrease of the flood peak flow,and the backwater of the bridge-piers fluctuated in the range of 0.10-0.28 m.According to the comparative analysis of the simulation results of the model and the calculation results of the empirical formulas,the calculated results of the Henderson formula were in good agreement with the simulation results which presented consistent change trends;whereas those of Lu Hao’s formula overestimated the situation.This study can provide an empirical reference and theoretical basis for the influence analysis of backwater characteristics of river-crossing buildings and the flood control calculations of river channels.

关 键 词：跨河桥梁 桥墩壅水 数值模拟 MIKE21 黄河宁夏段 

分 类 号：TV135[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV87