近代媒介视野中的“珠穆朗玛”:作为边疆镜像的想象与竞争——基于藏文典籍、《泰晤士报》与我国近代报刊的对照审思  

Mount Qomolangma in the Vision of Modern Media:Imagination and Competition as a Mirror Image of the Frontier—Based on the Reflections of Tibetan Classics,The Times,and Modern Chinese Newspapers

作　　者：操慧[1] 宋巧丽 Cao Hui;Song Qiaoli(School of Literature and Journalism,Sichuan University,Chengdu,610065,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610065 [2]河北大学新闻传播学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《民族学刊》2022年第6期106-116,149,共12页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金年度项目“媒介融合背景下我国新型主流媒体的竞争力构建与评价研究”(16BXW024)阶段成果。

摘　　要：边疆治理历来是国家主体性建构与主权宣示中的重要一环,对边疆不同的认知和定位决定了国家在特定时期的布防施策,也影响着民众对国家的整体认同。本文选取我国“珠穆朗玛”这一重要而独特的边疆意象,以宗教典籍与清代舆图中的相应记录为背景,分析爬梳新中国成立前英国《泰晤士报》与我国近代中英文报刊的报道情况。研究发现,相较于英国借助公开报道对我国边疆意象的易名与话语先占,西藏民众基于宗教文化想象的“抵抗式沉默”,与我国近代报刊以紧跟西方动向和输出文化想象为主的报道手段,均表明相应主体对观念建构主权想象的认识不足,这也导致近代我国落后于国际话语竞争之局面。本文认为,媒体报道作为一种询证文献,是对特定时期历史语境与话语张力的生动记录。着眼当下,媒体报道服务于国家治理与观念建构的突出作用亦愈渐显明。对此,国家应全方位注重各类史实的采集与辨析,并以智库建设的高瞻远瞩创新包括媒体报道在内的边疆话语及其表达机制,以抢占我国事实性边疆的先声权。Taking corresponding records in religious classics and the Qing dynasty maps as the background,this article researched the reports concerning China s significant and unique frontier image of“Mount Qomolangma”in the British The Times and modern China s newspapers(both in Chinese and English)before the founding of the People s Republic of China.The study found that with the help of public reports,the British renamed Chinese border image and preempted the discourse.And the Tibetan people s“resistance silence”based on religious and cultural imaginations as well as modern Chinese newspapers closely following Western trends to export cultural imagination show that the corresponding subjects had insufficient understanding of the role of ideas in constructing sovereign imagination.All these,to a great extent,had led to a situation in which modern China lagged behind the international discourse competition.Western media,represented by The Times,mostly implied their imagination of sovereignty over Mount Qomolangma when reporting on the activities in Mount Qomolangma.As an important“cultural weapon”in the British colonial aggression in history,The Times formed a set of operating routines to implicitly express the British national intention.For example,media reports crowned the individuals with Qomolangma experience;publicity of official Qomolangma expeditions;relying on the imaginative occupation of Mount Qomolangma in traffic,postal,political,and economic reports,as well as the strengthening of empathy by magnifying the difficult experiences of expedition members in geographical reports,so as to seize and plunder in the name of scientific investigation.In the face of the situation of western media coverage at that time,China s modern newspapers showed three trends of replication,transformation,and innovation,which were hidden in three historical processes,i.e.learning,exploration and adjustment,and narrative innovation.In the process of learning,local newspapers did not adopt the critical sublation,but transpla

关 键 词：边疆观 珠穆朗玛 藏文典籍 《泰晤士报》 中国近代报刊 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]