草地过滤带对地表径流中悬浮固体和氮磷的截留  

Interception Effects of Grass Filter Strips on Sediment,Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Surface Runoff

作　　者：霍炜洁[1] 赵晓辉[1] 刘来胜[1] 刘玲花[1] 黄亚丽 HUO Wei-jie;ZHAO Xiao-hui;LIU Lai-sheng;LIU Ling-hua;HUANG Ya-li(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]河北科技大学,河北石家庄050018

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2022年第12期47-52,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题项目“农村黑臭水体截源治污生态景观一体化关键技术与集成示范”(2019YFD1100205)。

摘　　要：构建模拟降雨产流径流小区,以裸露土壤径流区为对照系统,考察以百慕大、高羊茅、白三叶为植被的草地过滤带对降雨水力侵蚀形成的地表径流中的悬浮固体和氮磷的截留效果。结果表明:草地过滤带径流出水中除NO_(3)^(-)-N浓度与对照系统无显著差异外,SS、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN、TDP、TP和COD_(Mn)浓度均显著低于对照系统,其中,SS浓度平均减少80.80%,NH_(4)^(+)-N浓度平均减少12.23%,TN浓度平均减少39.33%,TDP浓度平均减少12.46%,TP浓度平均减少61.44%,COD_(Mn)浓度平均减少83.34%。草地过滤带对不同类型污染物的截留效果存在差异,过滤带对颗粒态污染物SS和COD_(Mn)拦截率高于溶解态污染物NO_(3)^(-)-N、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TDP,对较强吸附性污染物NH_(4)^(+)-N和TDP拦截率高于弱吸附性污染物NO_(3)^(-)-N,TN和TP中颗粒态组分比例越高,其拦截率越高。Vegetative filter strips(VFS)are areas of permanent vegetation established between agricultural field borders and waterways,which have been recommended as one of the best management practices for retaining nutrients and sediments from surface runoff.Grass filter strip is a common type of VFS for its tall,erect,stiff-stemmed and native perennial grasses.Many laboratory and field studies indicate that grass filter strips can significantly reduce sediment and nutrient loss in runoff,while grass filter strip functions as a natural terrace,where sediment and other pollutants are removed from runoff by infiltration,deposition,absorption,adsorption,decomposition and volatilization.Natural rainfall,simulated runoff and simulated rainfall are the main experimental ways to investigate pollutants interception in VFS.The advantage of simulated rainfall experiments is the ability to control VFS scale,rainfall parameters and underlying surface conditions,thus the data obtained from simulated rainfall tests is generally less variable and easier to interpret.The study is conducted at an experimental plot next to Kunyu River in Beijing.The plot is an area of 4 m by 14 m with a slope of 5.0%.The plot is divided into two parts,including one simulated rainfall run-off generation area(4 m by 2 m)as the pollutant source area and one runoff transport area(4 m by 12 m)as the treatment area.There are four treatment strips in runoff transport area.One strip is the control system without vegetation,while the other three strips are parallel grass filter strips with the same vegetation composed of bermuda,tall fescue and white clover.A series of simulated rainfall experiments are designed to compare the transport of pollutants from strips with and without vegetation.This study aimsat evaluating the interception effects of the grass filter strip on suspended solids,nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface runoff formed by rainfall hydraulic erosion so as to provide a reference for pollutants trapping in the grass filter strip.The results show t

关 键 词：草地过滤带 地表径流 悬浮固体 氮 磷 截留 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]