节制闸开度对侧渠分流量影响试验研究  

Experimental Research on the Influence of Gate Opening on Diversion Quantity

作　　者：李红[1] 刘英[2] 胡笑涛[1] 陈土成 王文娥[1] LI Hong;LIU Ying;HU Xiao-tao;CHEN Tu-cheng;WANG Wen-e(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas of Ministry of Education,Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Beijing Changping District Water Bureau,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]北京市昌平区水务局,北京102200

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2022年第12期162-167,172,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：陕西省水利科技计划项目(2021slkj-8);西北农林科技大学大学生创新训练计划国家级项目(202110712116)。

摘　　要：调节节制闸开度可达到控制分水口水位、按需配水的目的,通过梯形渠道不同来流量、不同节制闸开度下节制闸及矩形分水口流动特性试验,观测节制闸上下游及分水口附近水深、流速等水力要素,分析了主渠道沿程水面线的变化规律;基于量纲和谐原理,建立了流量系数与闸门开度和闸前水深的关系式。结果表明:不同来流量下,水面线均呈先降低再小幅升高的趋势,在分水口下游段形成壅水。当来流量在25.35~39.70 L/s变化时,自由出流时,闸孔出流和堰流的临界值出现在闸门开度为11~14 cm,相对闸门开度e/h变化范围为0.792~0.823,与理论值0.65存在差异。不同来流量下,流量系数与傅汝德数呈反比关系,相对闸门开度对流量系数的影响大于傅汝德数对流量系数的影响。建立闸门开度e和闸前水深h与流量系数m的关系式,平均误差为0.73%。不同来流量下分流比随相对闸门开度的增大而减小,且小流量下闸门开度对分流比的影响较小。本研究对指导灌区合理水量分配及调控具有重要意义。Adjusting the opening of the control gate is significant for controlling the water level and achieving reasonable water delivery.In this paper,the flow characteristics of the control gate and rectangular diversion are tested at different flow and different gate openings in trapezoidal channels,hydraulic elements of the water diversion and the upstream and downstream are observed such as water depth,flow velocity,and the variation of water surface along the main channel is measured.In addition,the relationship between flow coefficient and gate opening and water depth in front of the gate is established based on dimensional analysis.The results show that at different discharges,the water depth along the trapezoidal main canal has the same variation pattern,and the overall trend is decreasing first,then increasing and decreasing,and a backwater is formed at the downstream of the control gate.Under the condition of free outflow,when the inflow flow is 25.35,28.93,32.38,35.50,39.70 L/s respectively.The critical value of gate flow and weir flow appear when the gate opening is 11,11.6,12,13,14 cm.The range of relative gate opening(e/h)is 0.792,0.798,0.808,0.819,0.823.It is different from the theoretical value(0.6).The boundary between weir flow and gate flow is not a fixed value,and there is a certain gap between critical value and theoretical value.The critical value is affected by the channel shape,gate pier shape,flow rate and other factors.On the other hand,it is found that the flow coefficient(m)in the side channel flow formula is related to Froude number and relative gate opening(e/h)based on the dimensionless principle.The flow coefficient(m)decreases with the increase in the Froude number and relative gate opening(e/h)under different flow rates,but the relative gate opening has a greater influence on the flow coefficient than the Froude number.The flow coefficient is approximately inversely proportional to the Froude number under different discharges.The flow coefficient(m)relation with relative and gate opening

关 键 词：梯形渠道 节制闸 闸门开度 分水口 流量系数 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]