松天牛小首螨的研究Ⅱ.雌成螨的移动和趋性  

Research on Paracarophenax alternatusⅡ.Mobility and Tropism of Female Adults

作　　者：李俊楠[1,2] 陈润恺 付煜 蔡梦玲 黄炳荣 徐云 吴松青 张飞萍[1,2] Li Junnan;Chen Runkai;Fu Yu;Cai Mengling;Huang Bingrong;Xu Yun;Wu Songqing;Zhang Feiping(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002;Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests,Fujian Province University,Fuzhou 350002;Fujian Provincial Bureau of Forestry Pest and Disease Control and Quarantine,Fuzhou 350000)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福州350002 [2]生态公益林重大有害生物防控福建省高校重点实验室,福州350002 [3]福建省林业有害生物防治检疫局,福州350000

出　　处：《林业科学》2022年第8期149-156,共8页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1400900);福建省林业科技项目(闽林文[2021]35号);国家林业和草原局重大应急科技项目(ZD202001)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究松天牛小首螨的移动能力和趋性,为科学评价其生物防治潜能,建立野外保护利用方法等提供重要依据。【方法】通过显微摄录、行为测定和控制试验,研究松天牛小首螨雌成螨的平移能力、垂直趋向性、上行能力、对光照和松褐天牛成虫及卵的趋向性。【结果】雌成螨的移动能力较强,在水平方向上,0~8天龄雌成螨的平均移动速度为2.17 cm·min^(-1),其中以0天龄的移动速度最快,达2.63 cm·min^(-1),8天龄的移动速度最慢,为1.32 cm·min^(-1),其移动速度随日龄增长显著下降;在垂直方向上,雌成螨具有显著的上行习性,1~3 h内上行的个体数量是下行的9.7倍;在野外毛竹秆基部放螨1~3天后,上行到5、7、8和9 m及以上高度的雌成螨分别占放螨总量的26.75%~41.75%、18.15%~31.35%、12.00%~26.95%和7.30%~20.75%。同时,雌成螨对光照、松褐天牛卵和雌、雄成虫均表现出显著的趋向性。在400~2000 lx光照强度范围内其对光照区域的趋向选择率是遮光区域的8.1倍;在松褐天牛诱源和空白对照均光照、均遮光或松褐天牛诱源光照且空白对照遮光等条件下,雌成螨对松褐天牛卵或雌、雄成虫的趋向选择率均显著高于相应的空白对照。【结论】松天牛小首螨雌成螨具有较强的移动能力和显著的上行习性、趋光性与寄主趋向性,这些习性有利于该螨在野外高效搜索寄生松褐天牛卵,或聚集到松褐天牛成虫体表携播,表现出较强的生防应用潜能。在未来生物防治实践中,可以考虑利用黑色容器封装该螨膨腹体,并在松树树干基部释放。【Objective】The mobility and tropism of natural enemy insects or mites are important factors that affect their biological control effects on pests.Understanding the mobility and tropism of Paracarophenax alternatus,a mite,can provide important basis for scientific evaluation of its biological control potential and formulation of its field protection and utilization methods for biological control.【Method】In this study,the translational ability,vertical tropism,ascending ability,phototropism,and Monochamus alternatus adults and eggs tropism of the female adult of P.alternatus were investigated through micro-photography,behavioral measurement and control experiments.【Result】The female adult of P.alternatus had strong mobility.In the horizontal direction,the average crawling speed of female adult mites from 0-to 8-day-old was 2.17 cm·min^(-1).The 0-day-old female adult mites had the highest crawling speed up to 2.63 cm·min^(-1),while the crawling speed of the 8-days-old female adult mites was the slowest,with only 1.32 cm·min^(-1).With the increase of the day-age,the crawling speed showed a significant downward trend;In the vertical direction,the female adult mites had significant upward-crawling habit.The upward-crawling individuals within 1-3 hours were 9.7 times that of down-crawling ones.After releasing mites at the base of bamboo stalk in the wild for 1 to 3 days,the female adult mites ascending to 5,7,8 and 9 m and above accounted for 26.75%-41.75%,18.15%-31.35%,12.00%-26.95%and 7.30%-20.75%of the total mites,respectively.At the same time,the female adult of P.alternatus showed significant phototaxis and tropism to M.alternatus adult and eggs.In the range of the light intensity from 400 lx to 2000 lx,the selection rate of the mites to light area was 8.1 times that of it to dark area.P.alternatus’selection rate to M.alternatus male,female and eggs was significantly higher than that of the blank control under the conditions of illumination,shading or M.alternatus illuminated with blank control sha

关 键 词：松天牛小首螨 移动能力 趋性 松褐天牛 松材线虫病 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]