GNSS技术在GEO、IGSO航天器中的导航精度与适用性分析  

Navigation accuracy and applicability analysis of GNSS technology in GEO and IGSO spacecraft

作　　者：马祥泰 胡彦逢 董绪荣 MA Xiangtai;HU Yanfeng;DONG Xurong(Department of Space Information,Space Engineering University,Beijing 101416,China)

机构地区：[1]航天工程大学航天信息学院,北京101416

出　　处：《全球定位系统》2022年第6期1-8,共8页Gnss World of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42174044)。

摘　　要：现阶段高轨道航天器导航主要依靠地基测控系统,为了研究全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)技术用于高轨道航天器导航的可行性,对GNSS技术在地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星、倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)卫星航天器中的导航精度及适用性展开了分析研究.采用2021年11月9日的两行轨道数据(TLE)仿真GNSS星座,以不同星下点的GEO卫星和不同倾角的IGSO卫星作为目标星展开导航仿真试验.实验结果表明:为了满足GNSS解算所需的卫星数量,须通过接收旁瓣信号来增加可见卫星数目.对GEO目标星而言,当接收机灵敏度高于-169 dB时,导航精度可达30 m;利用GPS对7个不同的GEO或IGSO轨道目标星进行导航实验表明,GPS对目标星导航的位置误差约为35 m;北斗三号(BDS-3)、GPS、GLONASS、Galileo的导航位置误差均值分别为28.03 m、21.16 m、37.15 m、25.09 m,具有良好的内符合精度,其中GPS精度最高,GLONASS精度最低,但大部分时段也在45m内.At present,the navigation of high-orbit spacecraft mainly relies on ground-based measurement and control systems.In order to study the feasibility of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)technology in high-orbit spacecraft navigation,the navigation accuracy and adaptability of GNSS technology in geostationary earth orbit(GEO)and inclined geosynchronous orbit(IGSO)high-orbit spacecraft were analyzed and studied.The GNSS navigation satellite constellation was simulated using two-line orbital element(TLE)on November 9,2021.GEO satellites at different sub-satellite points and IGSO satellites at different inclination angles were used as target satellites to carry out navigation experiments.The experimental results show that:In order to meet the number of satellites required for GNSS calculation,the number of visible satellites must be increased by receiving sidelobe signals;for GEO target satellites,when the receiver sensitivity is higher than-169 dB,the navigation accuracy can reach 30 m;the GPS system is used to conduct navigation and orbit determination experiments on 7 different GEO or IGSO orbits;the average accuracy of BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System(BDS-3),GPS,GLONASS,and Galileo in high-orbit spacecraft navigation is 28.03 m,21.16 m,37.15 m,and 25.09 m,respectively.GPS has the highest accuracy and GLONASS has the lowest accuracy,but it is also 45 m in most periods within.

关 键 词：全球卫星导航系统(GNSS) 高轨道航天器 卫星可见性 几何精度衰减因子(GDOP) 位置误差 

分 类 号：P288[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]