甘草对大鲵抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的作用  

GLYCYRRHIZA URALENSIS ON ANTI-AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA INFECTION OF GIANT SALAMANDER(ANDRIAS DAVIDIANUS)

作　　者：王文博[1,2,3] 曹娟[1] 李春颖[1] 孙盛雁 黄雨莹 刘屹楠 鲁义善 WANG Wen-Bo;CAO Juan;LI Chun-Ying;SUN Sheng-Yan;HUANG Yu-Ying;LIU Yi-Nan;LU Yi-Shan(Department of Life Sciences,Xianyang Normal University,Xianyang 712000,China;Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control,Ministry of Agriculture,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]咸阳师范学院生命科学系,咸阳712000 [2]中国科学院水生生物研究所农业农村部淡水养殖病害防治重点实验室,武汉430072 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [4]广东海洋大学水产学院,湛江524088

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2022年第12期1832-1837,共6页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31872175);陕西省重点研发计划(2019NY-103);咸阳市秦创原科技创新专项(2021ZDZX-NY-0003);陕西省秦创原“科学家+工程师”队伍建设项目(2022KXJ-015);咸阳师范学院科研计划重点培育项目(XSYK21042);咸阳师范学院“学科带头人”项目(XSYXKDT202104);2021年陕西省“双万计划”省级一流本科专业建设项目;广东省现代农业产业体系项目(2019KJ141);农业农村部淡水养殖病害防治重点实验室开放基金;淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室开放课题(2013FB21)资助。

摘　　要：通过投喂甘草提取物,研究了甘草对大鲵(Andrias davidianus)抗嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)感染的作用。连续投喂56d,从28d开始,药物组血清溶菌酶活性先升后降,呈抛物线趋势,低剂量组在42d出现最大值(158.4±34.7)U/mL,高剂量组在35d出现最大值(178.3±28.8)U/mL,两者都显著高于同期对照组(P<0.05)。药物组在最后两次采样期,即42d和56d时,肾脏巨噬细胞吞噬活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。低剂量组和高剂量组最大值均出现在42d,分别为(59.4±8.5)%和(58.4±5.2)%。同期相比,药物组白细胞比容值均高于对照组。其中,高剂量组在28d时白细胞比容值为(5.8±1.7)%,低剂量组在56d时为(5.5±0.8)%,高剂量组在56d时为(5.9±1.7)%,三者都显著高于同期对照组(P<0.05)。药物组和对照组的脾脏脏器系数之间没有显示出显著差异。最后一次采样(56d)后人工感染嗜水气单胞菌,对照组死亡率为90%,低剂量组和高剂量组都为60%,均低于对照组,而药物组免疫保护率为33.3%,也都高于对照组。结果表明,投喂甘草提取物可在一定程度上提高大鲵对嗜水气单胞菌的抗性。Chinese giant salamander(Andrias davidianus)is a national second-class key protected species.Wild giant salamanders mostly inhabit in mountain streams.They are widely distributed in Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi Province,China.There are three species of giant salamander namely Chinese giant salamander(A.davidianus),American giant salamander(Cryptobranchus alleganiensis)and Japanese giant salamander(A.japonicus).The septicemia of giant salamander caused by Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the common diseases.A.hydrophila is a common aquatic bacterium,which exists in natural water,but usually does not cause diseases.Only when the immunity of aquatic animals decreases,it is possible to infect the body through the digestive tract or skin wounds.Therefore,if it can enhance the activity of immune cells and immune molecules and improve its autoimmunity,it can effectively block the infection pathway of A.hydrophila and reduce the incidence of sepsis.Most of the used methods of Chinese herbal medicine in aquaculture are direct feeding of crude drugs,and there is no extraction and concentration of immunoactive components.Reports from the poultry industry believe that licorice has immunomodulatory effect on the body,but there is no report on the effect of licorice on the anti-disease ability of amphibian giant salamander.This study carried out this exploration after targeted extraction of the effective components of licorice.The effect of licorice on the anti-A.hydrophila infection of giant salamander was studied by feeding licorice extract to giant salamander.The results showed that from day 28 after continuous feeding,the serum lysozyme activity in the drug group increased firstly and then decreased,showing a parabolic trend.The maximum value was(158.4±34.7)U/mL in the low-dose group on day 42 and(178.3±28.8)U/mL in the high-dose group on day 35,both of which were significantly higher than those in the control group in the same period(P<0.05).The phagocytic activity of renal macrophages in the drug group was significantly

关 键 词：嗜水气单胞菌 甘草提取物 免疫检测 攻毒实验 免疫保护率 大鲵 

分 类 号：S942.1[农业科学—水产养殖]