当前印度“海陆并举”战略转向的特征与制约因素  

The Characteristics,Motivation and Constraining Factors of India’s Strategic Turn to Develop “Sea and Land Power” Simultaneously

作　　者：李红梅 Li Hongmei

机构地区：[1]上海国际问题研究院国际战略研究所

出　　处：《印度洋经济体研究》2022年第6期34-54,152,共22页Indian Ocean Economic and Political Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“印度外交战略转型及对中国的影响研究”(项目批准号:20CGJ007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年,印度正加速从“陆向”向“海向”的地缘战略方向演变,同时追求南亚地区的“区域性陆权”与印度洋地区的“区域性海权”,通过“海陆并举”实现印度的海陆复合型强国战略。具体体现在:从地缘战略思维上,加速从传统的“陆向”思维向“海向”思维扩展;调整战略资源分配,加速海军力量建设;从印度洋地区秩序的“消费者”积极转变为“提供者”。促进印度地缘战略转向的动力主要表现在三个方面:地区权力结构与威胁认知的变化、国内经济发展的刺激作用以及莫迪政府的内聚效应。然而,印度的“海陆并举”战略却面临战略资源的有限性、官僚政治的阻碍、教派主义与经济民族主义等发展“瓶颈”的影响。中印未来在陆地边境和印度洋地区的战略互动频率可能会进一步增加,需恢复和增加双边对话机制和渠道,积极创造新的合作“增长点”,促进中印关系的良性循环。In recent years, India is accelerating its geostrategic transformation from a “land-oriented” power to a “sea-oriented” power, pursuing the goal of regional land power in South Asia and regional sea power in the Indian Ocean simultaneously, to achieve India’s combined sea and land power strategy through developing “Sea and Land Power ” simultaneously. Specifically this transformation reflected in: from the perspective of geo-strategic thinking, accelerating the expansion from the traditional“land-oriented” thinking to the “sea-oriented” thinking;adjusting the allocation of strategic resources to promote the development of naval power;actively changing from a“consumer” to a “supplier” of the Indian Ocean regional order. The driving force that promotes India’s geostrategic turn is mainly manifested in three aspects: the changing of regional power structure and threat perception;the stimulating effect of India’s economic development, and the cohesive effect of the Modi government. However, India’s “Sea and Land Power” strategy is facing development “bottleneck”: the limited strategic resources, the obstacle of bureaucratic politics, and the influence of sectarianism and economic nationalism. In the future, the frequency of strategic interaction between China and India on the border and in the Indian Ocean may further increase. So it’s necessary to restore and create more bilateral dialogue mechanisms and channels, and actively create new “growth points” for cooperation, to promote a healthy development of China-India relations.

关 键 词：印度 地缘政治大国 海陆并举 印度洋 

分 类 号：E351[军事—军事理论] D835.1[政治法律—政治学]