典型城市湖泊岳阳南湖表层水体中的微塑料污染特征  

Microplastics in surface water of a typical urban lake:A case study from Nanhu Lake,Yueyang City

作　　者：文晓凤 尹令实 蒋昌波[1,2,3] 周桢玉 张友 闫世雄 隆院男 WEN Xiaofeng;YIN Lingshi;JIANG Changbo;ZHOU Zhenyu;ZHANG You;YAN Shixiong;LONG Yuannan(School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha,410114,China;Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province,Changsha,410114,China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province,Changsha,410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利与环境工程学院,长沙410114 [2]水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114 [3]洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114

出　　处：《环境化学》2022年第11期3579-3588,共10页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52109083);湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ40599);水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室开放基金(2021SS08)资助.

摘　　要：微塑料是目前环境领域备受瞩目的新兴污染物,其污染监测基础数据仍存在许多空白亟待填补.本研究选择典型城市湖泊岳阳南湖为研究区域,对其表层水体微塑料污染进行研究.本研究在14个遍布南湖各个区域的采样点采集表层水体样品,基于湿式消解和密度分离方法对样品进行处理,并采用体视显微镜和显微红外光谱仪进行鉴定,对该区域45μm—5 mm范围的微塑料污染水平、分布特征、潜在来源及风险进行探讨.研究结果表明,南湖表层水体微塑料丰度在3050—7100 n·m^(−3)之间,平均值为(4664±1742)n·m^(−3),其污染水平高于大多数自然湖泊,与武汉、长沙等城市湖泊相当;南湖表层水体中的微塑料更容易集中于湖泊中央区域,微塑料在南湖表层水体中的分布呈现“中高边低”的特点;南湖中检测到的微塑料以纤维状为主,其化学成分主要为聚乙烯、聚酰胺和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇脂.由此可知,居民日常生活、旅游业、渔业是南湖微塑料的潜在来源;南湖表层水体微塑料的分布受到水动力条件影响显著;同时,研究区域对于碎片和微球微塑料的管控措施较为有效,而纤维微塑料仍大量赋存于南湖之中,这种情况需要得到重视,微塑料污染防控措施在未来需要进一步完善.Microplastic is an emerging pollutant that has attracted wide attention.There still lacks the baseline data of microplastic pollution in many regions,which need to be filled urgently.This paper regarded the typical urban lake-Nanhu Lake in Yueyang City as the research area,and the microplastic pollution level in its surface water was studied.Fourteen sampling sites which were spread across the Nanhu Lake were set to collect surface water samples.Wet digestion oxidation and density separation were choosing as the methods to process water samples.The stereomicroscopy and micro-Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(μ-FTIR)were applied in identifying microplastics.The pollution levels,distribution characteristics,potential sources,and ecological risk of microplastics with a size range of 45μm—5 mm in Nanhu Lake were explored and discussed.The result showed that:1)Microplastic concentrations of surface water in Nanhu Lake ranged from 3050—7100 n·m^(−3),with an average value at(4664±1742)n·m^(−3).The pollution level in Nanhu Lake was higher than most natural lakes,and not much different from the urban lakes in other cities,such as Wuhan and Changsha.2)Microplastic was easier to gather in the central area of Nanhu Lake.The abundance of microplastics in the middle area was higher than that at the edge of this lake.3)The most common shapes of microplastics in collected surface water samples from Nanhu Lake were fiber.The major polymer compositions were polyethylene(PE),polyamide(PA),and polyethylene terephthalate(PET).These findings indicated that surroundings residents’daily life,tourism,and fisheries made a large contribution to the microplastics pollution in Nanhu Lake.And hydrodynamic characteristic is the critical factor for the distribution of microplastics in this lake.At the same time,we could know that the manage measures for debris and microsphere microplastics in this study area were more effective than fiber microplastics.A large number of fiber microplastics still existed in this urban lake.T

关 键 词：微塑料 湖泊 表层水体 城市 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]