2021年南宁市预防接种门诊国家免疫规划疫苗损耗及其影响因素  

Loss coefficients of National Immunization Program vaccines and factors influencing loss coefficients in vaccination clinics of Nanning city in 2021

作　　者：黄昌 唐金芳[2] 梁灵芝[2] 覃恒[2] 廖妮妮 陈骞 缪宁[3] 张国民[1,3] Huang Chang;Tang Jinfang;Liang Lingzhi;Qin Heng;Liao Nini;Chen Qian;Miao Ning;Zhang Goumin(Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Nanning Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning 530023,Guangxi,China;National Immunization Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心中国现场流行病学培训项目,北京100050 [2]南宁市疾病预防控制中心,广西南宁530023 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2022年第5期586-590,共5页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会课题(Z20201482、Z20201380)。

摘　　要：目的分析南宁市预防接种门诊国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗的损耗系数及其影响因素。方法通过问卷调查、广西免疫规划信息管理系统和疫苗全程追溯平台收集2021年南宁市所有预防接种门诊的相关信息、NIP疫苗使用剂次数和接种剂次数,分析疫苗损耗系数和影响因素。结果2021年南宁市NIP疫苗的总损耗系数为1.096,其中单剂次、多剂次包装疫苗的损耗系数分别为1.013、1.406(Poisson回归,P<0.001)。多因素Poisson回归模型分析显示,预防接种门诊所在地区、所属医疗机构级别、开诊频次、门诊量、接种人员数量是多剂次包装疫苗损耗系数的显著影响因素;所属医疗机构级别、门诊量、工作人员数量、接种台数量是单剂次包装疫苗损耗系数的显著影响因素。结论2021年南宁市NIP疫苗损耗系数总体较低,损耗系数与疫苗包装规格和接种门诊服务管理水平等因素有关;建议优化多剂次疫苗包装规格和加强疫苗的精细化管理。Objective To assess loss coefficients of National Immunization Program(NIP)vaccines and factors influencing loss coefficients in vaccination clinics of Nanning city in 2021.Methods We collected general information,vaccine doses obtained,and vaccine doses administered for all vaccination clinics in Nanning in 2021 through a questionnaire-based survey,the Guangxi Immunization Program Information Management System,and the Guangxi Vaccine Traceability Platform to calculate loss coefficients of vaccines and determine their influencing factors.Results The overall loss coefficient for all NIP vaccines was 1.096 in Nanning in 2021;loss coefficients for single-and multi-dose vial of vaccines were 1.013 and 1.406(Poisson regression,P<0.001),respectively.Multivariate Poisson regression analysis showed that loss coefficients for multi-dose vials were significantly influenced by area,level,service frequency,daily visits,and number of staff in vaccination clinics,while loss coefficients for single-dose vial of vaccines were significantly influenced by level,daily visits,number of staff,and number of vaccination areas in vaccination clinics.Conclusions The loss coefficient of NIP vaccines was low in Nanning in 2021 and was influenced by vaccine vial type and vaccination service quality.We suggest optimizing multi-dose vaccine vials and strengthening precise vaccine management.

关 键 词：国家免疫规划 疫苗 预防接种 损耗系数 影响因素 预防接种门诊 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]