不同铜水平对小麦生长发育与产量构成的影响  

Effects of Different Copper Levels on the Growth and Yield Composition of Wheat

作　　者：张欣雅 陈盼 徐沛然[2] 钟航 张晓慧 张誉文 温馨[1,3] Zhang Xinya;Chen Pan;Xu Peiran;Zhong Hang;Zhang Xiaohui;Zhang Yuwen;Wen Xin(School of Life Science and Technology,Hubei Engineering University,Xiaogan,Hubei 432000,China;Information Technology Center,Hubei Engineering University,Xiaogan,Hubei 432000,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables,Hubei Engineering University,Xiaogan,Hubei 432000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北工程学院生命科学技术学院,湖北孝感432000 [2]湖北工程学院信息技术中心,湖北孝感432000 [3]湖北工程学院特色果蔬质量安全控制湖北省重点实验室,湖北孝感432000

出　　处：《湖北工程学院学报》2022年第6期50-53,共4页Journal of Hubei Engineering University

基　　金：湖北省教育厅科学技术研究项目(Q2022702);孝感市自然科学研究项目(XGKJ2021020100)。

摘　　要：在盆栽土培条件下,以驻麦6号小麦品种为供试材料,设置不同土壤铜添加量(0 mg/kg、35 mg/kg、50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg),分别记为Cu0、Cu35、Cu50、Cu100,在苗期、拔节期、开花期、成熟期采集植物样品,测定小麦株高、分蘖数、有效穗数及生物量,分析不同铜水平下小麦的产量因子,以研究铜对小麦各生育期长势与产量的影响。结果表明:1)与对照Cu0相比,适量施铜处理(Cu35)有利于小麦营养器官的发育,促进营养成分的转运和积累,增加籽粒产量和千粒重;2)在成熟期时,Cu50和Cu100的籽粒产量均低于Cu35;Cu50和Cu100的有效穗数和分蘖数明显低于Cu0和Cu35,且Cu100处理小麦的穗粒数最高、千粒重最低,说明铜污染抑制小麦生长发育,导致分蘖受阻,有效穗数降低,造成小麦减产。综上,土壤中铜含量适中有利于小麦的生长发育,增加分蘖数和单株有效穗数,促进营养物质从营养器官向生殖器官转移,生物学产量和籽粒产量得以提高。Under the condition of pot soil culture,the wheat variety Zhumai No.6 was used as the tested material.Different amounts of copper(0 mg/kg,35 mg/kg,50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg)were added into soil,which were recorded as Cu0,Cu35,Cu50 and Cu100,respectively.Plant samples were collected at seedling stage,jointing stage,flowering stage and mature stage to determine wheat plant height,tiller number,effective panicle number and biomass,and the yield factors of wheat under different copper concentrations were analyzed to study the effects of copper on the growth and yield of wheat at each growth stage.The results showed that:1)Compared with the control Cu0,appropriate application of copper(Cu35)is beneficial to the development of wheat vegetative organs,promote the transport and accumulation of nutrients,and increase grain yield and 1000 grain weight.2)At maturity,the grain yield of Cu50 and Cu100 was lower than that of Cu35,the number of effective panicles and tillers of Cu50 and Cu100 were significantly lower than that of Cu0 and Cu35.The number of grains per panicle of Cu100 wheat was the most and the 1000 grain weight was the least,indicating that copper pollution inhibits the growth and development of wheat,hinders the tillers,reduces the number of effective panicles and the yield of wheat.In conclusion,moderate copper content in soil is conducive to the growth and development of wheat,increases the number of tillers and effective panicles per plant,promotes the transfer of nutrients from vegetative organs to reproductive organs,and improves biological yield and grain yield.

关 键 词：铜 小麦 生长发育 产量构成 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S512.1[农业科学—作物学]