基于自动站资料的近15年北京地区舒适度变化特征  

Changes of Comfort Index over Beijing in Recent 15 Years Based on Automatic Station Data

作　　者：姜江 闵晶晶 王华 雷婷 乔媛 蒋志 JIANG Jiang;MIN Jingjing;WANG Hua;LEI Ting;QIAO Yuan;JIANG Zhi(Beijing Meteorological Service Center,Beijing 100089)

机构地区：[1]北京市气象服务中心,北京100089

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2022年第6期747-755,共9页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金青年项目8214066;北京市科技计划课题Z201100008220002;北京市局科技项目BMBKJ202003010。

摘　　要：利用44个自动站的小时观测资料,详细分析了北京地区近15年来气温、风速、相对湿度和有效温度的分布和变化情况,结果表明:1)北京地区年平均气温、风速和有效温度都显著地受到了地形分布的影响,相对湿度没有表现出明显的地形差异。研究时段内,北京整体呈变干变暖。区域上,气温与有效温度增幅最大的区域集中在平原中心城区,西北和东北部的远郊山区增幅最小,相对湿度降低的程度在区域上较为平均;2)按有效温度的热感受等级划分,北京地区冬季平均热感受属于“寒冷”,年、春季和秋季平均热感受属于“冷”,夏季平均热感受属于“温暖”。春季、夏季和冬季变干变暖明显,秋季则存在明显的区域差异;3)北京地区年平均气候适宜日数在全年中占比41.3%。气候适宜日数变化在区域间差异较大,超过半数站点表现出“气候适宜日数”的减少。由于整体上的变干变暖趋势,导致春季“气候适宜日数”整体在增加,夏季“气候适宜日数”整体在减少。秋季的“气候适宜日数”没有表现出统一的趋势。冬季的热感受主要集中于寒冷日和冷日,“气候适宜日数”很少。The effective temperature in Beijing has been studied by the entire available observation data.The results demonstrate the following:1)The annual temperature,wind speed,and effective temperature in Beijing were significantly affected by the topographic distribution,without a significant difference in the relative humidity between the mountainous and the urban areas.Beijing became drier and warmer over the study period.Regionally,the stations with the largest increase in the annual and effective temperatures were concentrated in the urban areas,and the stations with the smallest increase were located in the northwest and northeast mountainous areas.Relative humidity decreased evenly across the entire area of interest.2)According to the thermal grades of effective temperature,the temperature of winter belonged to“very cold”,that of the annual average,spring,and autumn belonged to“cold”,and that of summer belonged to“warm”.The area became dryer and warmer in the spring,summer,and winter.However,in autumn,the regional temperature difference was obvious.3)The“weather-friendly”days in Beijing accounted for 41.3%,with large regional differences.Over half the sites showed a reduction in the number of“weather-friendly”days.The“weatherfriendly”days in spring increased in number,while those in summer decreased,without any consistency in autumn.In winter,there were nearly no“weather-friendly”days,just“very cold”and“cold”days.

关 键 词：北京 有效温度 舒适度 

分 类 号：P463.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]