先验态度对选择性信息行为与认知机制的影响探究  

Exploring the Influence of Prior Attitude on Selective Information Behavior and Cognitive Mechanisms

作　　者：李珂 张鹏翼[1] Li Ke;Zhang Pengyi(Department of Information Management,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学信息管理系,北京100871

出　　处：《图书情报工作》2022年第20期111-119,共9页Library and Information Service

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"在线知识社群中信息行为对群体认知形成的影响研究"(项目编号:72174014);北京大学校长基金资助项目"选择性暴露视角下的用户信息行为研究——以新冠肺炎疫情信息为例"(项目编号:6201100541)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]旨在了解先验态度对于用户获取观点相反信息的影响,特别是其选择性暴露、选择性理解以及选择性记忆等行为的特征.[方法/过程]采用实验法,首先通过前测问卷了解被试的先验态度,然后向被试提供观点相同和相反的文章,被试自由选择文章进行阅读并有声思考,在读完之后重新做出决策并陈列理由;实验结束之后被试填写后测问卷.[结果/结论]研究发现,被试存在选择性暴露与选择性记忆,先验态度对于选择性暴露行为以及1天后的记忆情况具有显著的影响;在选择性暴露的基础之上,被试对于信息体现出4种认知与理解过程,存在11种认知机制,包括"关键项目提取""重述""语义契合"以及"排除"等.本研究从理论意义来说,可以补充选择性信息行为相关的研究成果,丰富信息行为领域的研究;从实践意义来看,有助于促进用户更加客观地认知和科学地决策.[Purpose/Significance]The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of prior attitudes on users'access to opposing information,especially the behavioral characteristics of selective exposure,selective understanding,and selective recall.[Method/Process]This study adopted the experimental method.Firstly,the prior attitudes of the participants were understood through the pre-test questionnaire,and then the participants were provided with articles of the same and opposite viewpoints.The participants freely chose the articles to read and thought aloud,and made decisions again after reading and displayed the reasons.After the experiment,the participants filled in the post-test questionnaire.[Result/Conclusion]Participants have selective exposure and selective recall,and prior attitude have a significant effect on selective exposure behaviors and recall after 1 day.On the basis of selective exposure,participants show four cognitive and understanding processes for information.There are 11 cognitive mechanisms,including"key item extraction","restatement","semantic fit"and"elimination".In the theoretical sense,this study supplements the research results related to selective information behaviors and enriches the research in the field of the information behavior.From the point of view of practical significance,it helps to promote users'more objective cognition and scientific decision-making.

关 键 词：选择性暴露 选择性理解 选择性记忆 认知机制 

分 类 号：G251[文化科学—图书馆学]