黑龙江省老爷岭南部野猪种群现状及栖息地适宜性  

The population status and habitat suitability of wild boar in southern Laoyeling,Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：刘艳华[1] 李卫东 张子栋 梁卓 杨娇 牛莹莹 周绍春 LIU Yan-hua;LI Wei-dong;ZHANG Zi-dong;LIANG Zhuo;YANG Jiao;NIU Ying-ying;ZHOU Shao-chun(College of Wildlife and Nature Reserves,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Wildlife Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150081,China;Heilongjiang Laoyeling Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve,Suiyang 157212,China;Kunming Zoo,Kunming 650021,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省野生动物研究所,哈尔滨150081 [3]黑龙江老爷岭东北虎国家级自然保护区,黑龙江绥阳157212 [4]昆明动物园,昆明650021

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2022年第11期2208-2215,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目“黑龙江省保护兽类物种濒危机制及保护格局研究”(CZKYF2021B002)资助。

摘　　要：野猪(Sus scrofa)是东北虎(Panthera tigris altaica)的主要猎物资源之一。为了掌握猎物资源现状,于2016年、2018年和2019年的冬季积雪覆盖期,在中国野生东北虎主要分布区黑龙江省老爷岭南部采用大样方调查法收集野猪足迹信息,分析种群密度、种群数量和分布状况;利用野猪出现点信息,采用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型对野猪栖息地适宜性进行评价。结果表明:老爷岭南部林区野猪种群密度为(1.07±0.01)只·km^(-2),种群数量为3436~3518只,野猪种群密度在老爷岭东北虎国家级自然保护区和穆棱东北红豆杉国家级自然保护区较高;影响野猪栖息地适宜性的主要环境变量是农田(36.0%)、常绿针叶林(23.2%)、道路(7.5%)、草地(7.1%)、针阔混交林(5.2%)和海拔(2.2%);野猪的适宜栖息地总面积为499.28 km^(2),占研究区域面积的15.36%;综合分析东北虎长期的相机监测数据以及本次野猪种群现状和栖息地适宜性研究结果认为,保护区外围野猪种群的保护与恢复对实现东北虎从老爷岭南部扩散到老爷岭北部,满足东北虎对猎物资源的需求,实现中国野生东北虎种群逐步恢复极其重要。Wild boar(Sus scrofa)is a major prey species of Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica).In order to understand the status of prey resources,we conducted large-plot surveys in the southern part of Laoyeling,Heilongjiang,China,which is one of the main strongholds of wild Amur tiger population,during the snow cover periods in winter of 2016,2018 and 2019.We collected information on the footprints of wild boar and analyzed population density,population number,and distribution of wild boar.Based on the presence data,the habitat suitability of wild boar was evaluated using MaxEnt model.The results showed that population density of wild boar was 1.07±0.01 individuals·km,and the population size was 3436-3518 individuals.Population density was the highest in the Laoyeling Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve and Muling Japanese Yew National Nature Reserve.The results of habitat analysis showed that environmental variables—cropland(36.0%),evergreen coniferous forest(23.2%),road(7.5%),grassland(7.1%),mixed broadleaf-conifer forest(5.2%),and altitude(2.2%)—had significant effects on the habitat suitability of wild boar.There were 499.28 km~2 of suitable habitat,accounting for 15.36%of the total area.Combining the long-term monitoring data of the Amur tiger and the results from this study,we conclude that the protection and restoration of wild boar population outside the reserve is important for realizing the migration of the Amur tiger from the south to the north of the Laoyeling Mountains,meeting the needs of the Amur tiger for prey resources,and realizing the gradual reproduction of wild Amur tiger population in China.

关 键 词：野猪 种群现状 栖息地适宜性 最大熵模型 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]