苏拉与罗马共和末期的派系斗争  

Sulla and the Factional Struggle at the End of the Roman Republic

作　　者：杨俊明[1] 张亚伟 Yang Junming;Zhang Yawei

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学历史文化学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2022年第3期29-36,128,共9页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“罗马内战研究”(编号:17BSS001)。

摘　　要：苏拉是古罗马著名政治家、军事家。在共和末期日趋激化的平民派与贵族派的斗争中,与元老贵族结成政治联盟的贵族派领袖苏拉依靠征服东方的军队打败了以马略、秦纳为首的平民派,统一罗马,夺取了国家最高权力。在位期间实行独裁统治,推行宪政改革,力图缓和社会矛盾,稳定社会秩序,重建遭到破坏的共和体制。为此,他改革保民官制度,推行行政体制、军政制度、土地制度、社会风尚等方面的改革,力图重新树立元老院在国家政治生活中的核心地位,以维护罗马国家的健康发展。但苏拉修复共和体制的愿望在实践过程中偏离了预计轨道,加速了罗马由共和向帝制转变的进程。Sulla was a famous statesman and strategist in ancient Rome.In the increasingly intensified struggle between the populares and the optimates at the end of the Republic,the leader of the optimates Sulla,who formed a political alliance with the senator,relied on the army to conquer the east to defeat the populares led by Marius and Cinna,unified Rome and seized the highest power of the state.During his reign,he practiced dictatorship and implemented constitutional reform.He was the initiator of the transformation of Rome from republic to monarchy.Sulla’s constitutional reform tried to ease social conflicts,stabilize social order,and rebuild the destroyed republican system.Therefore,he reformed the tribune system,implemented reforms in the administrative system,military system,land system,and social customs,trying to re-establish the core position of the senate in the country’s political life,in order to maintain the healthy development of the Roman state.Sulla’s desire to repair the republican system deviated from the expected track in the course of practice,which accelerated the process of Rome’s transformation from republic to monarchy.

关 键 词：苏拉 独裁 宪政改革 平民派 贵族派 

分 类 号：D033.2[政治法律—政治学] K126[历史地理—历史学]