抗生素残留对施用牛粪土壤氮素矿化的影响及amoA、nxrA基因的响应  

Effects of antibiotic residues on nitrogen mineralization in soil treated with cow manure and the response of amoA and nxrA genes

作　　者：万辰 陈思玮 马瑛骏 张克强 王风 沈仕洲 WAN Chen;CHEN Siwei;MA Yingjun;ZHANG Keqiang;WANG Feng;SHEN Shizhou(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191;National Field Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Dali,Dali Yunnan 671004;College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201;College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin Heilongjiang 150030)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]大理农田生态系统国家野外观测研究站,云南大理671004 [3]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [4]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2022年第12期1616-1621,1627,共7页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFD1700400);云南省重大科技专项计划项目(No.202102AE090011);云南省基础研究青年基金资助项目(No.2019FD120);云南省专家工作站项目(No.202005AF150204)。

摘　　要：以恩诺沙星(ENR)、四环素(TCY)和金霉素(CTC)3种常用抗生素为供试材料,通过室内培养试验,探究抗生素对施用牛粪土壤氮素矿化过程的影响。结果表明:ENR、TCY对氮素矿化具有抑制作用,抑制强度随培养时间的延长呈先增加后减小的趋势。ENR、TCY均在试验6~9 d的抑制作用最明显,该阶段ENR、TCY为100 mg/kg处理组对土样净氮矿化速率的抑制率分别达71.79%、45.61%,第16天后,ENR、TCY对氮素矿化抑制强度减弱,各处理组间无显著差异(P>0.05),说明抗生素对氮素矿化及硝化的影响不会持续存在。ENR、TCY对氮素矿化作用的抑制主要体现在对硝化作用的影响上。与ENR、TCY相比,CTC对土壤氮素矿化影响不明显。从功能基因丰度上看,ENR、TCY对氮素矿化的抑制存在差异,ENR主要通过降低主导氮素矿化的微生物酶活性来抑制氮素矿化,而TCY对相关的功能微生物菌群数量产生影响。综上可知,若土壤中有ENR或TCY残留时,会抑制有机物料的矿质氮释放,可能造成作物减产和品质下降。Three common used antibiotics,enrofloxacin(ENR),tetracycline(TCY)and chlortetracycline(CTC),were used as test materials to explore the effect of antibiotics on nitrogen mineralization of soil treated with cow manure through indoor incubation experiments.The results showed that ENR and TCY could inhibit nitrogen mineralization,and the inhibition intensity increased first and then decreased with the increase of incubation time.The inhibition of ENR and TCY was the most obvious in the 6-9 days of the test.At this stage,the inhibition rates of ENR and TCY treatment group(100 mg/kg)on the net nitrogen mineralization rate were 71.79%and 45.61%respectively.After 16 days,the inhibition intensity of ENR and TCY on nitrogen mineralization weakened,and there was no significant difference(P>0.05)between the treatment groups,indicating that the impact of antibiotics on nitrogen mineralization and nitrification would not persist.The inhibition of ENR and TCY on nitrogen mineralization was mainly reflected in the influence on nitrification.Compared with ENR and TCY,CTC had no obvious effect on soil nitrogen mineralization.From the perspective of functional gene abundance,ENR and TCY had different inhibition effects on nitrogen mineralization.ENR mainly inhibits nitrogen mineralization by reducing the activity of microbial enzymes that dominate nitrogen mineralization,while TCY had an impact on the number of relevant functional microbial communities.To sum up,if there was ENR or TCY residue in the soil,it would inhibit the release of mineral nitrogen from organic materials,which might cause crop yield reduction and quality decline.

关 键 词：抗生素 畜禽粪便 氮素矿化 AMOA 基因 nxrA 基因 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] X713[农业科学—农业基础科学]