甘肃省永昌县小黑麦、饲料大麦、燕麦不同生育期产量和品质综合评价  

Comprehensive Evaluation of Yield and Quality of Triticale,Feed Barley and Oat at Different Growth Stages in Yongchang,Gansu

作　　者：王蕾 张想平 周琦 邓超超 徐也 缪平贵 赵海鹏 张燕 王育才 WANG Lei;ZHANG Xiang-ping;ZHOU Qi;DENG Chao-chao;XU Ye;MIAO Ping-gui;ZHAO Hai-peng;ZHANG Yan;WANG Yu-cai(Gansu Academy of Agri-Engineering Technology,Wuwei 733006,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威733006

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2022年第10期38-46,共9页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助(CARS-05)。

摘　　要：对5个小黑麦、3个饲料大麦和3个燕麦品种(系)开花期、乳熟期和成熟期的产量和品质进行比较,以明确甘肃省永昌县一年生禾草小黑麦、饲料大麦和燕麦产量、品质差异及其适宜收获期。结果表明,在开花期和乳熟期,小黑麦平均干草产量为8.70 t/hm^(2)和12.98 t/hm^(2),与燕麦(8.58 t/hm^(2)、11.66 t/hm^(2))无显著差异,但显著(P<0.05)高于饲料大麦(6.34 t/hm^(2)、9.58 t/hm^(2))。小黑麦成熟期干草和籽粒产量分别为10.55 t/hm^(2)和7.58 t/hm^(2),高于饲料大麦(7.50 t/hm^(2)、4.72 t/hm^(2))。开花期小黑麦酸性洗涤纤维、木质素、240 h NDF体外不可消化率显著高于饲料大麦和燕麦,而淀粉、相对饲草品质、总可消化养分、产奶净能、产奶当量和代谢能均低于饲料大麦和燕麦;乳熟期小黑麦和燕麦品质低于饲料大麦。成熟期小黑麦干草和籽粒品质均优于饲料大麦。采用灰色关联法与主成分分析对三种一年生禾草进行综合评价,从开花期到成熟期干草综合排名前两位的均为乳熟期GS1、乳熟期GK6,成熟期籽粒综合排名前两位的均为S18-1和S17-6。综上可知,小黑麦、饲料大麦和燕麦分别适宜成熟期、乳熟期和开花期刈割,永昌县适宜推广种植的小黑麦品种(系)为XXH4和S18-1,饲料大麦为GS1,燕麦为ZJY-5和P361844。In this experiment,five triticale,three feed barley and three oat varieties(lines)were used as materials to compare their yield and quality at anthesis,milk and maturity stage in Yongchang county,Gansu province,so as to determine the differences of yield,quality and the suitable harvest time of triticale,feed barley and oat.The results showed that the average hay yields of triticale were 8.70 t/hm^(2)and 12.98 t/hm^(2)at anthesis and milk stage,which was not significantly different from that of oat(8.58 t/hm^(2)and 11.66 t/hm^(2)),while significantly(P<0.05)higher than that of feed barley(6.34 t/hm^(2)and 9.58 t/hm^(2)).At the mature stage,the yields of triticale straw and grain were 10.55 t/hm^(2)and 7.58 t/hm^(2),which were higher than those of feed barley(7.50 t/hm^(2)and 4.72 t/hm^(2)).The acid detergent fiber(ADF),lignin,uNDFD 240 of triticale at anthesis were significantly higher than those of feed barley and oat,while starch,relative feed quality,total digestible nutrient,net energy of milk production,milk equivalent and metabolic energy were lower than that of feed barley and oat.The quality of triticale and oat were lower than that of feed barley at milk stage,the straw and grain quality of triticale were better than that of feed barley at mature stage.The grey correlation method and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate three annual grasses.The top two lines of hay yield were GS1 and GK6 at milk stage,and the top two lines of grain yield were S18-1 and S17-6 at mature stage.In summary,triticale,feed barley and oat were suitable for mowing at mature,milk and anthesis stage,respectively.XXH4 and S18-1 of triticale,GS1 of feed barley,ZJY-5 and P361844 of oat were suitable for promoting in Yongchang county,Gansu province.

关 键 词：小黑麦 饲料大麦 燕麦 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S544[农业科学—作物学]