关于《民法典》情势变更制度的若干重要问题  

Some Important Issues on the System of Circumstances Change in Civil Code

作　　者：周恒宇 Zhou Hengyu

机构地区：[1]最高人民法院民事审判第二庭综合办

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2022年第6期194-208,共15页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：我国《民法典》新增规定了情势变更制度,用以解决合同基础发生当事人不可预见的重大变化时合同继续履行显失公平的问题。本文基于意思自治、合同严守、公平合理、诚实信用等基本原则和价值取向,着重探讨了该制度适用中关于合同的基础条件发生“重大变化”、当事人在订立合同时“无法预见”重大变化、重大变化可以是“不可抗力”、重大变化不包括“商业风险”、“继续履行”合同对于一方当事人“明显不公平”、“重新协商”及其违反后果、请求“变更或者解除”合同等七个重要问题,以及关于中止履行违约、损害后果分担、排除适用情形、法院层报审核等审判实践中的难点问题。Civil Code has newly stipulated the system of change of circumstances,which is used to solve the problem that it is obviously unfair to continue to perform the contract when the parties have unforeseen major changes in the basis of the contract.Based on the basic principles and value orientations of autonomy of will,strict adherence to contracts,fairness and reasonableness,honesty and credibility,this paper focuses on the seven important questions,such as“significant changes”in the basic conditions of contracts in the application of the system,the“unforeseen”significant changes when the parties concluded the contract,that the significant changes can be“force majeure”,that the significant changes do not include“commercial risks”,that the“continued performance”of the contract is“obviously unfair”to one party,“renegotiation”and its violation consequences,request for“change or rescission”of the contract,and some other diffi cult issues in trial practice,as well as issues such as breach of contract since suspension of performance,sharing of damage consequences,exclusion of applicable situations,and review by higher court.

关 键 词：情势变更 重大变化 无法预见 不可抗力 商业风险 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]