《刑法》第239条(绑架罪罪刑规范)评注  

Comments on Kidnapping Crime in Article 236 of the Criminal Law

作　　者：李立众[1] Li Lizhong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2022年第6期231-245,共15页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：绑架行为的实质是对被害人建立起实力支配关系,使其成为向第三人提出各种要求的人质。“以勒索财物为目的”的表述,使得绑架行为只能是单一行为。“人质”的表述意味着成立绑架罪,以存在行为人、被害人与第三人的三方关系为前提。在涉及三方关系的案件中,要妥善处理绑架罪与非法拘禁罪、抢劫罪的关系。绑架行为在侵犯被害人人身自由的同时,必然同步创设出了危及第三人的财产或者其他权益的危险。成立绑架罪,要求有证据证明行为人具有绑架目的。行为人出于绑架目的,能够稳固地实力支配被害人时,构成绑架罪既遂。在行为人解除对人质的实力支配关系之前,他人知情而中途参与取财等行为的,成立绑架罪的共犯。“杀害”被绑架人不要求杀死人质。Kidnapping is in essence to establish a powerful control over the victim and hold the victim hostage to demand the third party to satisfy various requirements.The wording“for the purpose of extorting property”suggests that kidnapping shall be a single act.The wording“hostage”means the crime of kidnapping is established on the premise of existence of three parties,namely,the perpetrator,the victim and the third party.In a case involving three parties,we shall carefully consider the relationships between the crime of kidnapping,crime of illegal detention and crime of robbery.Kidnapping not only infringes upon the victim’s personal freedom but also endangers the third party’s property rights and/or other interests at the same time.To establish the crime of kidnapping,evidence is necessary to prove the perpetrator has the purpose of extorting property and the like.If the perpetrator fi rmly controls the victim for the purpose of kidnapping,kidnapping is accomplished.Before the kidnapper gives up the control over the victim,if someone knowingly joins the perpetrator and contacts the third party,he or she is the accomplice of the crime of kidnapping.

关 键 词：绑架罪 绑架行为 绑架目的 非法拘禁罪 抢劫罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]