《联合国海洋法公约》专属经济区条款评析  

Analysis on the Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ)Clause of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea'(UNCLOS)

作　　者：冯寿波 周敏 FENG Shou-Bo;ZHOU Min(School of Law and Public Affairs,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing,210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学法政学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《福建江夏学院学报》2022年第6期42-55,共14页Journal of Fujian Jiangxia University

基　　金：国家社会科学规划资助项目“南海历史性权利问题及所谓南海仲裁案之后中国的应对研究”(17BFX142)。

摘　　要：为专属经济区所创设的制度也许是整个《联合国海洋法公约》中最复杂的部分,实践中的争议也很大。对专属经济区条款的成就和局限性予以评析,有助于理解争议条款含义、国际法体系以及海洋法可能的发展趋势。《联合国海洋法公约》第五部分规定了专属经济区,宣告了新海域的确立,规定了许多创新性概念,取得了专属经济区内诸国竞争性利益的相对平衡,是国际海洋法的一个新发展。其主要成就在于:维护了缔约国在专属经济区中的海洋权益和国际和平;确立了专属经济区争端解决机制;是对之前国际海洋法相关条约的继承和发展;确立了专属经济区的重要法律框架;增强了国际法的初步体系;在气候变化背景下,坚持海洋资源的可持续发展,有助于保护海洋环境;增加了国家间专属经济区内权利/权力、义务、责任的确定性和可预见性。其局限性主要包括:专属经济区条款存在模糊性和漏洞;专属经济区法制的框架性减损了其可实施性;修订《联合国海洋法公约》专属经济区条款的门槛高。专属经济区制度的发展趋势是:国际裁决机构的案例将会在一定程度上澄清某些争议条款的含义;其强制性将会随着国际社会的法制化进程而得以强化;专属经济区条款将逐步走向“绿色”海洋法。The regime created for the EEZ is perhaps the most complex part of UNCLOS as a whole and is highly controversial in practice.An analysis of the achievements and limitations of the Exclusive Economic Zone clause will help us to understand the meaning of the dispute clauses,the international law system and the possible development trend of the Law of the Sea.Part V of UNCLOS stipulates the EEZ,proclaims the establishment of a new maritime area,stipulates many innovative concepts,and achieves a relative balance of competing interests among the countries in the EEZ.It is a new development in the international law of the sea.Its main achievements are:maintaining the maritime rights and interests of the States parties in the EEZ and international peace;establishing the dispute settlement mechanism of EEZ.It is the inheritance and development of related treaties in previous international(maritime)law,which establishes the important legal framework of EEZ,and Strengthening the initial system of international law;In the context of climate change,the sustainable development of marine resources is conducive to the protection of the marine environment.Part V increases the certainty and predictability of rights/powers,obligations and responsibilities within the EEZ between countries.Its limitations mainly as follows:the clause of EEZ has ambiguity and loophole;the framework of EEZ legal system detracts from its practicability;the threshold for amending the UNCLOS(EEZ)clause is high.The development trend of the EEZ system is that the cases of international adjudicatory bodies will clarify the meaning of some disputed clauses to a certain extent;its compulsion will be strengthened with the legalization process of the international community;EEZ provisions will gradually move towards the"green"law of the sea.

关 键 词：《联合国海洋法公约》 专属经济区 成就 局限 发展趋势 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]