六种除草剂对玉米田间恶性杂草印加孔雀草的防除效果  

Efficacy of six herbicides against Mexican marigold Tagetes minuta,a malignant weed in corn fields

作　　者：袁至立 郓玲玲 张国良[1] 张岳 宋振[1] 张瑞海[1] 高金会 王忠辉 付卫东[1] Yuan Zhili;Yun Lingling;Zhang Guoliang;Zhang Yue;Song Zhen;Zhang Ruihai;Gao Jinhui;Wang Zhonghui;Fu Weidong(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2022年第5期1545-1550,共6页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1400300)。

摘　　要：为筛选能有效防除玉米田中印加孔雀草Tagetes minuta的除草剂,通过田间试验测定氨氯吡啶酸、乙羧氟草醚、氯氟吡氧乙酸、烟嘧磺隆、辛酰溴苯腈和草甘膦异丙胺盐6种除草剂对印加孔雀草的株防效和鲜重防效。结果表明,根据施药后杂草的药害症状,在6种除草剂中,印加孔雀草对氨氯吡啶酸、乙羧氟草醚以及氯氟吡氧乙酸这3种药剂较敏感;综合株防效结果及生态安全,在玉米田中防除印加孔雀草时优先选用低剂量草甘膦异丙胺盐、低剂量氨氯吡啶酸以及中剂量辛酰溴苯腈,即有效成分分别为900、1 050和370 g (a.i.)/hm^(2);综合鲜重防效结果及生态安全,在玉米田中防除印加孔雀草时优先选用中剂量辛酰溴苯腈、低剂量草甘膦异丙胺盐、低剂量氨氯吡啶酸以及中剂量乙羧氟草醚,即有效成分分别为370、900、1 050和90 g (a.i.)/hm^(2)。综合所有防效结果及生态安全,900 g (a.i.)/hm^(2)草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂、370 g (a.i.)/hm^(2)辛酰溴苯腈乳油和1 050 g (a.i.)/hm^(2)氨氯吡啶酸水剂对印加孔雀草的防除效果最好,鲜重防效依次为91.08%、93.30%和90.92%。同种除草剂不同剂量的株防效之间及鲜重防效之间差异不显著。In order to select herbicides that can effectively control Mexican marigold Tagetes minuta in corn field, six herbicides picloram, fluoroglycofen, fomesafen, fluroxypyr, nicosulfuron, bromoxynil octanoate, and glyphosate isopropylammonium were evaluated at different concentration gradients for controlling T. minuta in corn fields. According to the symptoms caused by herbicides on T. minuta,among the six herbicides, T. minuta was more sensitive to picloram, fluoroglycofen and fluroxypyr than to others;according to the plant control effects of different herbicides on T. minuta and ecological security, low-dose glyphosate isopropylamine salt, low-dose picloram and medium-dose bromoxyniloctanoate, at active ingredients of 900, 1 050 and 370 g(a.i.)/hm^(2), respectively, can be used for the control of T. minuta in corn field;according to the control effects of different herbicides on fresh weight of T.minuta and ecological security, medium-dose bromoxyniloctanoate, low-dose glyphosate isopropylamine salt, low-dose picloram and medium-dose fluoroglycofen, at active ingredients of 370, 900, 1 050and 90 g(a.i.)/hm^(2), respectively, can be used for the control of T. minuta in corn fields;according to all results and ecological security, 900 g(a. i.)/hm^(2) glyphosate isopropylammonium, 370 g(a. i.)/hm^(2)bromoxynil octanoate and 1 050 g(a.i.)/hm^(2)picloram have the best control effects on T. minuta, with fresh weight control effects of 91.08%, 93.30% and 90.92%. The control effects in number of weed plants and weed fresh weight didn’t show significant difference among different doses of the same herbicide.

关 键 词：印加孔雀草 除草剂 玉米田杂草 防效 化学防控 

分 类 号：S451.222[农业科学—植物保护]