官、绅利益博弈视野下的设县之争——以明代青浦县为例  

The Dispute over the Establishment of a County:A Competition Between Government Officials and Local Gentry Interest Groups:Taking Qingpu County in Ming Dynasty as an Example

作　　者：宋可达 Song Keda

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院中国边疆研究所

出　　处：《中国地方志》2022年第5期72-84,M0005,M0006,共15页China Local Records

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“魏晋隋唐交通与文学图考”(18ZDA247);中国社会科学院创新工程大型学科奠基性项目“中国边疆治理体系与治理能力专题研究”;中国社会科学院青年科研启动项目“海疆治理视野下的清代江浙海域勘界研究”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明中叶以降,面对松江地方繁重的行政压力和日益凸显的逋赋问题,地方官建请在松江府析置青浦一县,以分摊赋税征收和行政管理的责任,设县议案获准。而松江士绅阶层从维护田产利益和便于逃避赋税等方面考虑,在朝野上下强烈反对增设青浦县,并利用嘉靖后期郡人徐阶掌控朝政的有利条件,促使朝廷作出罢废青浦县建置的决策。随着以徐阶为代表的松江士绅阶层在政治上的失势,在松江地方官和朝中反徐阶势力的合力推动下,最终促成青浦的复县。明代青浦设县的案例表明,县级政区的置废是一个复杂的政治运作过程,其政治命运很大程度上取决于官、绅两大地方权力阶层在朝野的博弈情况。Since the middle of Ming Dynasty, Songjiang local officials were faced with intense administrative pressure as well as the increasingly prominent problem of tax evasion. They requested to separate and establish a new Qingpu County from Songjiang Prefecture to share the responsibilities of tax collection and government administration. Their request was approved. However, the local gentry in Songjiang Prefecture, out of considerations such as keeping their estates and maintaining conveniences in evading taxes, were violently opposed to the addition of a Qingpu County both in the Imperial Court and among the public. They took advantage of the favorable condition during the later stage of the reign of Emperor Jiajing(1507-1567, reigned 1522-1567), when Xu Jie, the dignitary from Songjiang, was in actual control of state affairs, to facilitate the decision from the Imperial Court to abolish the establishment of Qingpu County. Later, when Xu Jie and his colluders, the local gentry of Songjiang, lost political power and influence, Qingpu County was re-established finally, thanks to the joint push from Songjiang local officials and anti-Xu Jie forces in the Imperial Court. The case of Qingpu County from Ming Dynasty demonstrated that the(re) establishment and abolishment of county-level administrative divisions was a complicated process of political maneuver. The political fate of a county was largely dependent on the competition between the two local power groups of government officials and local gentry both inside and outside the Imperial Court.

关 键 词：明代 江南 县级政区 地方权力 基层治理 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] K29[历史地理—中国史] D691[政治法律—政治学]