民俗志的历史发展与文体特征  

The Historical Development and Stylistic Characteristics of Folkloric Ethnography

作　　者：王霄冰[1] 陈科锦 WANG Xiaobing;CHEN Kejin

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国非物质文化遗产研究中心、中文系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《民俗研究》2022年第6期94-107,155,156,共16页Folklore Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“海外藏珍稀中国民俗文献与文物资料整理、研究暨数据库建设”(项目编号:16ZDA163)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“民俗志”就其文本形式、记述内容和功能而言,具有浓郁的中国本土特色。中国古代不仅有“民俗志”的概念,而且有着悠久的民俗书写传统。古代的民俗记录大体上可分为史志类和笔记类两大体例。前者以方志民俗志为代表,其特点是范式化的写作和作者的隐身;后者则以文人笔记为主,其中“我”的在场、深刻的主观感受性和平民视角,都与现代民俗志的理念不谋而合。随着20世纪民俗学学科的发展,又形成了史志民俗志、科学民俗志和传播民俗志三种类型。民俗学界对民俗志书写范式的反思与新型民俗志的写作实践,不仅是对当前民俗学学术理念的回应,还显示出了回归中国本土民俗志诗学传统的迹象。Scholars once generally thought that the term“Folkloric Ethnography”was an imitation or reconstitution of“Ethnography”.Actually,the form,content and function of such texts distinctly present Chinese local characteristics.In ancient China,there was not only the concept of Minsuzhi(Folkloric Ethnography),but also a long tradition of writing customs.This folkloric literature can be roughly divided into two sorts.One is historic records,which is characterized by the formalization of writing and the invisibility of authors.Its representative types include“Custom Records”,“Terroir Records”,“Scenery Records”,“Geography Records”,etc.The other is the literate’s notes,and the presence of“I”,and the profound subjective sensibility and the perspective of everyday life embodied in it coincide with the concept of modern folkloric ethnography writing.With the establishment and development of the discipline of Folklore Studies in the 20th century,three kinds of folkloric ethnography,namely“Chorographic Folkloric Ethnography”,“Scientific Folkloric Ethnography”and“Propagative Folkloric Ethnography”were formed.They have different functions,writing modes and styles,but influence each other.Chinese folklorists have been reflecting on the paradigm of folkloric ethnography writing and carrying out the practice of new style works.On the one hand,it symbolizes a response to the modern academic concepts of folklore,on the other hand,it shows signs of a return to the native Chinese tradition of folkloric poetics.

关 键 词：民俗志 风俗志 地方志 文人笔记 民俗志诗学 

分 类 号：K890[历史地理—民俗学]