全球要素分工与国民收入——基于全球收入链的视角  

Global Factor Division and National Income——A Study from the Perspective of Global Income Chain

作　　者：段玉婉[1] 蔡龙飞 DUAN Yu-wan;CAI Long-fei(School of International Trade and Economics,Central University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2022年第10期5-23,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“‘双碳’目标下我国对外贸易绿色低碳发展路径及政策优化研究”(批准号22CJY019)。

摘　　要：在全球要素分工背景下,对外直接投资的大规模发展带来了增加值和国民收入的相互背离,准确核算全球化对国民收入的贡献,对于切实提高居民收入和促进高质量开放至关重要。本文提出崭新的国民收入分解框架及全球收入链参与度指标,克服了传统价值链指标忽略对外投资及要素收入所有权问题的缺陷。本文将国民收入分解为国内收入链收入、贸易收入链收入和投资收入链收入,并利用OECD-AMNE投入产出表,详细剖析了各经济体国民收入的构成及随时间演变的规律。实证研究表明,国内收入链是国民收入的主要来源,但全球化参与对国民收入具有重要促进作用;如果忽略各经济体通过投资渠道参与国际分工,将严重低估其参与全球化的真实水平。如果仅考虑要素跨国流动但忽略要素所有权,将严重高估大部分经济体参与全球化的程度。中国最终需求增长对提高各经济体国民收入具有重要贡献。Improving personal income is essential to realize China’s common prosperity goal. In the context of global factor division,the large-scale development of foreign direct investment has brought about the divergence between gross production product(GDP)and gross national income(GNI). As a result,the value-added accounting framework fails to accurately measure and evaluate the real gains of each economy from globalization.Based on the international input-output model that distinguishes domestic and foreign enterprises,this paper proposes a new decomposition framework for national income,and decomposes the GNI into domestic income chain income,trade income chain income,and investment income chain income. It also proposes a new indicator to measure the participation degree of each economy in the global income chain.The traditional indexes related to the global value chain measurement usually ignore the foreign investment and ownership of factor income,and therefore may distort the real gains of economies from globalization. This paper fills this gap,and studies the global income chain activities brought about by cross-border flows of factors and goods,by taking full consideration of ownership of production factors.The paper is novel in proposing a new accounting framework,and a new indicator and also in finding interesting empirical conclusions.This paper conducts the empirical analysis based on the international input-output tables from the Activity of Multinational Enterprises database of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development for the years from 2005 to 2016,decomposes the GNI of each economy into detailed parts according to the income sources,and investigates their patterns across economies and over time. The empirical results show that domestic income chain is the main source of national income,but the income from globalization become more important in most economies’ GNI. Ignoring foreign investment will seriously underestimate most economies’ true degree of participation in globalization

关 键 词：全球价值链 全球收入链 国民收入 参与度 

分 类 号：F126[经济管理—世界经济]