自由何以有序--法律与社会视野中的美国人工流产争议  

How Should Ordered Liberty be Institutionalized——Abortion Controversy in the United States from a Law and Society Perspective

作　　者：郑戈[1] Zheng Ge

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院,上海200030

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2022年第10期39-53,F0002,177,共17页Exploration and Free Views

摘　　要：美国最高法院于2022年6月24日公布了多布斯诉杰克逊女性健康组织案的判决,这是美国宪法史上具有里程碑意义的事件。这一判决推翻了1973年罗伊案先例,否认女性选择人工流产的自由属于宪法基本权利,从而将立法规制人工流产的权力还给了各州。人工流产问题不仅涉及性别平等、女性生育自由和两性关系中的隐私等重要宪法问题,还是撕裂美国社会的“文化战争”中的核心议题之一。理解从罗伊案到多布斯案近半个世纪围绕人工流产问题而展开的道德争议、法律诉讼和政治斗争,对于理解美国国内政治的基本走势和未来方向均有重要意义。同时,英国1967年《人工流产法》所确立的专业主义的制度设计可以作为一个对照物,帮助我们理解制度设计的另一种(或许是更好的)可能性。这对于思考我国相关问题也有一定启发意义。On June 24,2022,the U.S.Supreme Court released its decision in Dobbs v.Jackson Women’s Health Organization,which is a landmark event in the history of the U.S.Constitution.The decision overturned the 1973 Roe precedent,denying a woman’s freedom to choose an abortion as a fundamental constitutional right,thus returning the power to State legislatures to regulate abortion.The abortion issue not only involves important constitutional issues such as gender equality,women’s reproductive freedom,and familial privacy,but is also one of the core issues in the“culture war”that is tearing American society apart.Understanding the moral controversies,legal proceedings,and political struggles over the abortion issue in the nearly half-century between Roe and Dobbs is crucial for understanding the basic trends and future directions of U.S.domestic politics.At the same time,the institutional design of professionalism established by the UK’s 1967 Abortion Act can be used as a counterpoint to facilitate our perception of another(perhaps better)possibility of institutional design.

关 键 词：美国宪法 联邦制 分权 人工流产 文化战争 专业主义 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学]