五十年未有之大变局--美国堕胎问题及其三重维度  

A Profound Change Unseen in Fifty Years——Abortion in United States and Its Three Dimensions

作　　者：左亦鲁 Zuo Yilu

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2022年第10期54-63,178,共11页Exploration and Free Views

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“社会信用体系的法律保障机制研究”(21&ZD199)。

摘　　要：1973年的罗伊案是20世纪美国最重要的宪法遗产之一。美国最高法院于2022年的多布斯案中将罗伊案所确立的堕胎权推翻,其影响可从三个维度展开分析。第一,在推理和理论上,多布斯案并未跳出过去的争论:自由派主要基于隐私、自由和平等三大价值,保守派则主张宪法文本基础、联邦制与三权分立以及生命权。第二,从反思最高法院的角色和功能出发,“政治化”是比“保守化”更好的概念,因为它可以识别美国司法审查今日问题的起点,并有助于诊断其深层病因。第三,从美国宪法和政治发展的角度看,判决于里根政体末期的多布斯案很可能就此催生出一个新的政体。在此意义上,称之为美国“五十年未有之大变局”并不为过。Roe is one of the most important legacies of American constitutional law in 20th century.The U.S.Supreme Court has overturned Roe in Dobbs in 2022,and its impact can be examined in the following three dimensions.First,respecting rationale and theory,Dobbs does not go beyond the previous scope,while liberals’argument have been based on privacy,liberty and equality,conservatives’have been based on textual foundation,federalism and separation of powers,and the right to life.Second,in reflecting the role and function of Supreme Court,“politicization”is a better concept than“shifting to the right”,for it can not only discern the starting point but also identify the root cause of the problem of judicial review.Third,from the perspective of development of American politics and constitutional law,Dobbs,which decided at the end of Reagan regime,may usher in a new regime.In this sense,it could be viewed as“a profound change unseen in fifty years”for United States.

关 键 词：堕胎 罗伊案 多布斯案 司法审查 美国宪法 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学]