重新发现“东方”:1920年代前期中苏交往的国际视域  

Rediscovering the“East”:Sino-Soviet Relations and the Development of Anti-Imperialist Movements in the Pre-1920s

作　　者：马建标[1] Ma Jianbiao

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《探索与争鸣》2022年第10期156-164,180,F0003,共11页Exploration and Free Views

摘　　要：1921年召开的华盛顿会议,讨论了中国的“门户开放”以及英美日等列强的海军军备问题。虽然华盛顿会议集中关注“亚太问题”,却把新兴的苏联排斥在外。然而,由于便利的地缘政治因素,俄国一直对东亚国际事务拥有巨大的军事政治影响力。在苏联政府看来,由英美日主导创建的东亚新秩序--华盛顿体系,就是把苏联作为“假想敌”。这加剧了苏联与华盛顿体系下列强的敌意关系,进而刺激苏联政府和共产国际领导人重新发现“东方”对于反对帝国主义势力的价值。正是在此复杂的国际背景下,苏联政府和共产国际开始主动地介入中国事务,推动了1921年中国共产党的创建、1924年国民党改组以及同年的中苏建交。这些政治条件为1925年的五卅反帝运动提供了应有的政治支援。In 1921,the Harding administration of the United States hosted the Washington Conference to discuss the“open door”policy to China and the“Naval Armament”problem among Britain,America,Japan and other powers.Although the Washington Conference focused on“Asia-Pacific issues”,it excluded the emerging Soviet government.However,Russia had always had great military and political influence on international affairs in East Asia due to convenient geopolitical factors.Therefore,the attitude of both the Tsarist Russian and Soviet governments regarding the“open door”policy to China could not be ignored.In the view of the Soviet government,the Washington system and the new East Asian order created by the United Kingdom,the United States,and Japan,regarded the Soviet Union as an“imaginary enemy”.This intensified the“hostile relations”between the Soviet government and the Washington System powers.This deep“hostility”in turn stimulated the Soviet government and the leaders of the Comintern to rediscover the unique value of the“East”in opposing the Western imperialist powers.It was against this complex international background that the Soviet government and the Comintern began to intervene in Chinese affairs on their own initiative,leading to the creation of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921,the reorganization of the Kuomintang in 1924,and the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Soviet Union in the same year.The formation of these political conditions provided the necessary political support for the May 30th(1925)anti-imperialist movement.

关 键 词：帝国主义 苏联政府 共产国际 华盛顿体系 国民革命 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学] K512.5[历史地理—中国史] D829.512[政治法律—政治学]