碳中和目标下循环流化床锅炉技术的展望  

Prospect of the Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Technology for the Goal of Carbon Neutralization

作　　者：吕俊复[1] 周托 张扬[1] 吴玉新[1] 黄中[1] 张海[1] 张缦[1] 岳光溪[1] LÜJunfu;ZHOU Tuo;ZHANG Yang;WU Yuxin;HUANG Zhong;ZHANG Hai;ZHANG Man;YUE Guangxi(Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education,Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学能源与动力工程系,热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《动力工程学报》2022年第11期1005-1012,共8页Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目(2020-XY-10)。

摘　　要：根据循环流化床(CFB)燃烧技术的特点,分析了面向碳中和的CFB发展方向,并介绍了清华大学的相关研究进展。CFB主循环回路中存有大量高温循环物料,这一特点使得CFB锅炉可实现零出力热备用的深度调峰,若通过循环干预、强化燃烧和炉内储热,可以提高变负荷速率;颗粒粒径对气固两相反应有重要影响,通过改变床料颗粒的粒径能够调控燃烧反应过程,从而降低炉内NO生成量,因此CFB锅炉在实现灵活性条件下的超低排放上具有优势;新型电力系统对小容量高参数机组有重大需求,开发小型亚临界甚至超临界CFB锅炉很有意义;生物质锅炉高温受热面沾污腐蚀限制了蒸汽参数的提高,利用CFB的物料循环能够解决这一技术瓶颈,开发高蒸汽参数生物质直燃锅炉可提高纯燃生物质发电项目的供电效率和经济性;利用CFB燃料适应性的优势,可在CFB锅炉中混烧生物质、污泥和工业可燃废弃物等低碳燃料,具有显著的效益;为进一步提高CFB机组的灵活性、环保型和经济性,新型的粉煤CFB燃烧技术前景较好。Based on the characteristics of circulating fluidized bed(CFB)combustion technology,the technical direction of CFB boilers for carbon neutralization was prospected and the related progress in Tsinghua University was presented.It is noticed that there is a large amount of high temperature circulating material in the main circulation loop of a CFB boiler,which can realize zero output for hot backup and deep peak shaving.Furthermore,it is suggested that the loading change rate can be improved by the adjustment of solid circulating flow rate,combustion enhancement,and heat storage in the furnace.Because the gas-solid two phase reaction is effected by the particle size,the NOoriginal emission from furnace can be reduced by controlling the size of the bed material particles,which regulates the combustion reaction processing.Therefore,the ultra-low emissions are more possible for CFB under flexible conditions.The high parameter boiler with smaller capacity is demanded by the new electric power system,and it is necessary to develop small subcritical or even supercritical CFB boilers.The fouling and thereby the corrosion of the high temperature heating surface prevent biomass fired boilers from increasing the steam parameter.This technical bottleneck can be overcomed by bed material ciculation of CFB.The development of the biomass fired boilers with high steam parameters improves the power supply efficiency and economy of biomass power generation projects.Due to the advantage in the fuel flexibility of CFB boiler,the co-combustion of biomass,sludge,industrial combustible waste and other low-carbon fuels in CFB is encouraged with significant benefits.Finally,the new powdered coal CFB(PC-CFB)combustion technology is promising for the better operation flexibility,environmental protection and economy.

关 键 词：碳中和 循环流化床锅炉 运行灵活性 超低排放 高蒸汽参数 生物质 粉煤CFB燃烧 

分 类 号：TK2[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]