激情与秩序:柏克论崇高与政治秩序的构建  

Passions and Order: Burke’s Sublime Theory and the Establishment of Political Order

作　　者：朱欣 Zhu Xin(School of International Relations,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际关系学院,北京100029

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第8期85-96,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(20QD09)。

摘　　要：“霍布斯的秩序问题”是政治哲学的核心问题,其关键在于如何既能使个体维护自我保存,又能建立稳定持久的规范性秩序。柏克的激情学说为解决这一难题提供了独特的视角。一方面,柏克继承了霍布斯的基本主张,将自爱作为人最根本的激情,坚持将国家的外在强制力量作为建立稳定秩序的根本途径。另一方面,柏克认为仅靠外在的强制力量无法形成积极的社会纽带,其借助对“自然社会性”概念的重新诠释对霍布斯的方案做了重要修正,即强调美对崇高的调和作用,恢复作为个体与国家之间关键性中间地带的社会生活。柏克借助同情和模仿这两种社会激情来抑制雄心激情的无限扩张所带来的毁灭性力量,实现从自尊向自爱的人性回归。总之,柏克以社会激情为中介,重塑人的统一意识,使个体在无损于个性的前提下被整合为有内聚力的整体。“Hobbesian problem of order”, as the core issue of modern political philosophy, poses a severe challenge to the modern society: how to establish a stable and lasting normative order while enabling individuals to achieve self-preservation in a modern society where individual freedom is highly valued? Based on the relationship between passions and order, Edmund Burke’s political philosophy provides an inspiring perspective for a profound understanding of the malaise of political modernity and solving the Hobbesian problem of order. Burke’s scheme, while inheriting Hobbes, has made a great revision. On the one hand, similar to Hobbes, Burke also regards self-love as the most fundamental passion of human beings and social passions as the necessary means to satisfy self-love for the normative structure required by a stable social order. In order to make up for the deficits of social affection in a large-scale society, the most fundamental solution for Burke, like Hobbes, is to appeal to the fear imposed by the sublimity of political authority. Governments dispose over instruments of power, and the threat of their use evokes the passions associated with the sublime, which draws people back to their duties and thus guarantees the normative order of coexistence. On the other hand, Burke finds this sort of blanket answer to the problem of deficits of social affection to be inadequate, since external coercive forces alone could not form a positive social bond as well as integrate social life into an organic whole. Individuals are structurally isolated and antagonistic in economic life;there would seem nothing but abstract rights to link one subject to the other in the political arena. Therefore, Burke attempts to build a bridge between self and others through the reinterpretation of the notion of natural sociability, and thence revises Hobbes’ scheme to a large extent. The public value of beauty has been regarded as increasingly crucial for maintaining the strength of social affection in a large-scale society.Thr

关 键 词：柏克 政治秩序 自我保存 雄心 同情 模仿 习惯 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学] D091