尖唇散白蚁胚胎发育激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察  

Observation of the embryonic development of Reticulitermes aculabialis (Blattaria:Rhinotermidae) with a laser confocal scanning microscope

作　　者：孙仪林 王靖怡[1] 陆迪 张琪[1] SUN Yi-Lin;WANG Jing-Yi;LU Di;ZHANG Qi(College of Plant Protection,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2022年第11期1524-1537,共14页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32072482);辽宁省教育厅基础项目(青年)项目(LSNQN202017)。

摘　　要：【目的】本研究旨在探究尖唇散白蚁Reticulitermes aculabialis胚胎在不同发育阶段的变化特征。【方法】每日收集尖唇散白蚁的卵,并固定其胚胎发育状态,采用DAPI染剂对白蚁胚胎进行染色,通过激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察记录尖唇散白蚁胚胎在不同发育阶段的形态特征。【结果】在25℃下尖唇散白蚁胚胎发育过程历经25~30 d,按照发育特征将其划分为12个阶段。胚胎发育早期,卵黄细胞均匀分布在卵内部,卵内细胞核向卵的中间浓缩,在细胞到达卵的后表面时形成浓缩的囊胚细胞作为胚盘;胚胎发育中期,胚胎开始进行“反转型”的囊胚运动,头部和前后轴从后极到前极反转,胚带出现明显的“双弯”结构。胚胎发育中后期,胚胎变宽,内部器官逐渐开始发育,出现明显的伸长与分节;胚胎发育后期,附肢发育明显,内部器官发育成熟。【结论】尖唇散白蚁胚胎发育过程历经12个阶段,属于短胚带型,胚带出现“双弯”结构,发育中期经历两次囊胚反转。本研究为真社会性昆虫白蚁的胚胎发育过程提供了形态学和生物学依据。【Aim】 This study aims to explore the characteristics of embryonic development of the termite Reticulitermes aculabialis during different developmental stages. 【Methods】 We daily collected eggs of R. aculabialis, fixed their embryonic development status, stained the embryos with DAPI dye, and observed and recorded the morphological characteristics of the embryos at different developmental stages with a laser confocal scanning microscope. 【Results】 Under 25℃, the embryonic developmental process of R. aculabialis takes 25-30 d. The developmental stages of R. aculabialis embryo can be divided into 12 stages according to the developmental characteristics. In the early stage of embryonic development, the yolk cells are evenly distributed in the egg, and cell nuclei are concentrated towards the center of the egg. When cells reach the posterior end of the egg, the concentrated blastocyst cells form the embryonic disc. In the middle stage of embryonic development, the embryo begins “reverse” blastocyst movement with the head along with the anterior and posterior axis reversed from the posterior pole to the anterior pole, and then the germ band shows an obvious “double band” structure. In the middle-late stages of embryonic development, the embryo widens, and the internal organs begin to develop gradually with obvious elongation and segmentation. In the late stage of embryonic development, appendages develop obviously, and the internal organs mature. 【Conclusion】 The embryonic development of R. aculabialis experiences 12 stages, and the germ band of R. aculabialis belongs to the short germ-band type. The germ band has a “double band” structure, and experiences two reversals of blastocyst in the middle stage of embryonic development. This study provides morphological and biological evidence for studying embryonic development of eusocial termites.

关 键 词：尖唇散白蚁 胚胎 发育 形态 发育阶段 激光共聚焦扫描显微镜 

分 类 号：Q964[生物学—昆虫学]