三种不同空气湿度测量仪器计量特性的研究  

Study on Metrological Characteristics of Three Different Air Humidity Measuring Instruments

作　　者：刘宇[1] 马婷 盛高珊[1] LIU Yu;MA Ting;SHENG Gao-shan(Hebei Provincial Meteorological Technical Equipment Center,Shijiazhuang 050022,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省气象技术装备中心,石家庄050022

出　　处：《自动化与仪表》2022年第12期79-82,共4页Automation & Instrumentation

基　　金：国家计量技术规范制修订基金资助项目(2020027)。

摘　　要：鉴于目前市场上湿度测量仪器种类繁多,测量原理也各有不同。按照测量原理的不同主要分为三大类:机械式湿度计、干湿表、湿度传感器,在选择三类测量仪器时,经常会存在知识盲区。为有效区分三类仪器的不同,研究三类空气湿度测量仪器的示值误差、湿滞误差和动态响应时间等计量特性。设计高低湿试验获取三类仪器在高低湿两个极限值处的动态响应时间,选取30%RH,40%RH,50%RH,60%RH,80%RH的5个测量点,分析比较三类仪器的测量示值误差和湿滞误差,得到三类仪器在不同测量点的优缺点。试验结果表明:由于外形结构和测量原理的限制,机械式湿度计一般用于实验室、机房、仓库、厂房等室内环境湿度的测量;干湿表由于测量稳定性高,早期用于气象观测场百叶箱内;湿敏电容传感器由于其测量精度高、灵敏性高、湿滞误差小,逐渐取代了干湿表,成为了新型的湿度自动观测工具。In view of the wide variety of humidity measuring instruments on the market,the measuring principles are also different.According to different measuring principles,it is mainly divided into three categories:mechanical hygrometer,dry and wet meter and humidity sensor.When selecting the three types of measuring instruments,there is often a knowledge blind spot.In order to effectively distinguish the differences among the three types of instruments,the metrological characteristics of the three types of air humidity measuring instruments,such as indication error,humidity hysteresis error and dynamic response time,are studied.The high and low humidity test is designed to obtain the dynamic response time of the three types of instruments at the two limit values of high and low humidity.Five measuring points of 30%RH,40%RH,50%RH,60%RH and 80%RH are selected to analyze and compare the measurement indication error and humidity hysteresis error of the three types of instruments,and the advantages and disadvantages of the three types of instruments at different measuring points are obtained.The results show that the mechanical hygrometer is generally used to measure the indoor environmental humidity in laboratories,machine rooms,warehouses,workshops etc,due to the limitations of the external structure and measurement principle.Due to its high measurement stability,the dry and wet meter is used in the shutter box of the meteorological observation field in the early morning.Because of its high measurement accuracy,high sensitivity and small humidity hysteresis error,humidity sensitive capacitance sensor has gradually replaced the dry and wet meter and become a new type of automatic humidity observation tool.

关 键 词：空气湿度 动态响应 湿敏电容 示值误差 湿滞误差 

分 类 号：TH701[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]