我国三个典型流域人类活动净氮输入量估算及其影响因素  

Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs and Its Influencing Factors in Three Typical Watersheds of China

作　　者：张天鹏 闫铁柱 金平忠 雷秋良[1] 连慧姝 李影[1,4,5] 李晓虹 区惠平 周脚根 杜新忠 武淑霞 刘宏斌[1] ZHANG TianPeng;YAN TieZhu;JIN PingZhong;LEI QiuLiang;LIAN HuiShu;LI Ying;LI XiaoHong;OU HuiPing;ZHOU JiaoGen;DU XinZhong;WU ShuXia;LIU HongBin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081;Eryuan County Agricultural Environmental Protection Monitoring Station,Eryuan 671200,Yunnan;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Beijing 100101;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Agricultural Resource and Environment Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007;School of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Huaiyin Normal University,Huaian 223300,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京100081 [2]洱源县农业环境保护监测站,云南洱源671200 [3]南方科技大学环境科学与工程学院,广东深圳518055 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [5]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [6]广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南宁530007 [7]淮阴师范学院城市与环境学院,江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2022年第23期4678-4687,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U20A20114,41877009);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA20108002-2);中国农业科学院科技创新工程协同创新项目(CAAS-GXAAS-XTCX2019026-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】人类活动氮素过量投入是引起面源污染的重要原因之一。阐明人类活动净氮输入量的时空分布特征及其影响因素,为解决面源氮素污染问题提供数据支持。【方法】利用人类活动净氮输入量(net anthropogenic nitrogen input,NANI)模型,通过统计年鉴和文献综述获得NANI相关数据和参数,对农业化的香溪河流域、城镇化的太湖流域和全面推进农业绿色发展模式的洱海流域的净氮输入量进行评估。【结果】从NANI强度上看,3个典型流域NANI平均值按照大小排序为:太湖流域(13241 kg·km^(-2)·a^(-1))、香溪河流域(2183 kg·km^(-2)·a^(-1))、洱海流域(1582 kg·km^(-2)·a^(-1))。从来源上看,氮肥施入(Nfer)和食品/饲料氮(Nim)是NANI最大来源,占比58%—97%,对NANI贡献从大到小排序为:氮肥施入、食品/饲料氮输入、氮沉降输入、作物固氮输入。从时间尺度看,2019年同2010年相比,香溪河流域NANI中食品/饲料氮输入比例下降23个百分点,氮沉降比例上升34个百分点;洱海流域NANI中氮肥施入比例下降86个百分点;太湖流域NANI中食品/饲料氮输入比例上升31个百分点,作物固氮量和氮沉降输入比例下降14个百分点和12个百分点。从影响因素上看,3个典型流域NANI与城镇人口密度均呈现显著相关性(P<0.05),且随城镇人口密度的增加NANI随之升高;耕地面积占比与NANI的拟合上,香溪河流域有显著影响(P<0.05),但洱海流域和太湖流域均无显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】香溪河流域中昭君镇、峡口镇和黄粮镇,洱海流域中下关镇、上关镇和凤仪镇,太湖流域中张家港市、嘉兴市秀城区、杭州市拱墅区和上海市南汇区是NANI的关键源区;以农业为主的香溪河流域化肥施入是NANI的主要来源;城镇化程度较高的太湖流域食品/饲料氮和肥料氮投入是NANI主要来源;农业绿色发展措施可显著减少人类活动净氮输入量。因此,在关键源区大�【Objective】Net anthropogenic nitrogen input(NANI)is one of the important causes to non-point source pollution.In order to investigate the spatio-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of net anthropogenic nitrogen input,the key source areas were identified and the key sources in watersheds were analyzed,so as to provide data support for solving the problem of non-point source nitrogen pollution.【Method】Three watersheds were selected according to their characteristics,among which Xiangxi River watershed was a typical agriculture watershed,Erhai watershed was comprehensively promotion model of green agricultural development,and Taihu watershed was a typical urban centralized watershed.Based on the NANI model,the data was obtained through statistical yearbook and literature review to evaluate NANI of the three typical watersheds.【Result】In terms of NANI intensity,the average value of NANI in the three typical watersheds was ranked as follows:Taihu watershed(13241 kg·km^(-2)·a^(-1)),Xiangxi River watershed(2183 kg·km^(-2)·a^(-1)),and Erhai watershed(1582 kg·km^(-2)·a^(-1)).In terms of NANI sources,nitrogen application(Nfer)and food/feed nitrogen(Nim)were the largest sources of NANI,accounting for 58%-97%.The NANI contribution ranked in the order of nitrogen application,food/feed nitrogen input,nitrogen deposition input,and crop nitrogen fixation input.In terms of time,food/feed nitrogen input of Xiangxi River watershed decreased by 23 percentage points from 2010 to 2019,while nitrogen deposition increased by 34 percentage points.From 2010 to 2019,nitrogen application in NANI decreased by 86 percentage points in Erhai watershed.From 2010 to 2019,the input of food/feed nitrogen to NANI in Taihu watershed increased by 31 percentage points,while the input of crop nitrogen fixation and nitrogen deposition decreased by 14 and 12 percentage points,respectively.In terms of influencing factors,NANI was significantly correlated with urban population density in the three typical watersheds(P<0.05),an

关 键 词：人类活动净氮输入量(NANI) 香溪河流域 洱海流域 太湖流域 城镇人口密度 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]